A digital filter structure for wideband filtering
is proposed. It consists of two allpass filters and a linearphase
FIR filter. One major advantage of this structure is
that the allpass filters are functions of zM which implies
that the maximal sample frequency is M times higher for
this structure than for the corresponding conventional
structures.
Device-to-device(D2D) communications are now considered as an integral part of future 5G networks
which will enable direct communication between user equipment (UE) without unnecessary routing via
the network infrastructure. This architecture will result in higher throughputs than conventional cellular
networks, but with the increased potential for co-channel interference induced by randomly located
cellular and D2D UEs.
Today’s wireless services have come a long way since the roll out of the
conventional voice-centric cellular systems. The demand for wireless access
in voice and high rate data multi-media applications has been increasing.
New generation wireless communication systems are aimed at accommodating
this demand through better resource management and improved transmission
technologies.
District energy (DE) systems use central heating and/or cooling facilities to provide
heating and/or cooling services for communities. The advantages of district energy
over conventional heating and cooling include improved efficiency, reliability and
safety, reduced environmental impact, and for many situations better economics.
DE systems can be particularly beneficial when integrated with cogeneration plants
for electricity and heat, i.e., with combined heat and power (CHP) plants. One of
the main impediments to increased use of cogeneration-based district energy is a
lack of understanding of the behavior of integrated forms of such systems. This
book is aimed at providing information on district energy and cogeneration tech-
nologies, as well as systems that combine them.
The large-scale deployment of the smart grid (SG) paradigm could play a strategic role in
supporting the evolution of conventional electrical grids toward active, flexible and self-
healing web energy networks composed of distributed and cooperative energy resources.
From a conceptual point of view, the SG is the convergence of information and
operational technologies applied to the electric grid, providing sustainable options to
customers and improved security. Advances in research on SGs could increase the
efficiency of modern electrical power systems by: (i) supporting the massive penetration
of small-scale distributed and dispersed generators; (ii) facilitating the integration of
pervasive synchronized metering systems; (iii) improving the interaction and cooperation
between the network components; and (iv) allowing the wider deployment of self-healing
and proactive control/protection paradigms.
The solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell (PEM-FC) system is used as the power
supply equipment for transportation and replaces an internal combustion engine. A
reduction of the environmental load is expected through the cogeneration system’s
(CGS) use of the PEM-FC system as a distributed power supply to individual
houses, apartments, and so forth [1–3]. The growing use of distributed power
systems, such as fuel cells, the reduction of power-transmission losses, and an
increase of waste heat recovery are expected. Therefore, the reduction of carbon-
dioxide emission is also expected as compared to conventional energy supply
methods using commercial electric power.
Battery systems for energy storage are among the most relevant technologies of the
21 st century. They – in particular modern lithium-ion batteries (LIB) – are enablers
for the market success of electric vehicles (EV) as well as for stationary energy
storage solutions for balancing fluctuations in electricity grids resulting from the
integrationofrenewableenergysourceswithvolatilesupply 1 .BothEVandstationary
storage solutions are important because they foster the transition from the usage
of fossil energy carriers towards cleaner renewable energy sources. Furthermore,
EV cause less local air pollution and noise emissions compared to conventional
combustion engine vehicles resulting in better air quality especially in urban areas.
Unfortunately, to this day, various technological and economic challenges impede a
broad application of batteries for EV as well as for large scale energy storage and
load leveling in electricity grids.
Modern day large power systems are essentially dynamic systems with stringent
requirements of high reliability for the continuous availability of electricity.
Reliability is contingent on the power system retaining stable operation during
steady-state operation and also following disturbances. The subject of power sys-
tem stability has been studied for many decades. With new developments, and there
have been many over the past couple of decades, new concerns and problems arise
that need to be studied and analysed. The objective of this book is a step in that
direction though not ignoring the conventional and well-established approaches.
Many applications have required the positioning accuracy of a Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS). Some applications exist in environments that attenuate
GNSS signals, and, consequently, the received GNSS signals become very weak.
Examplesofsuchapplicationsarewirelessdevicepositioning,positioninginsensor
networks that detect natural disasters, and orbit determination of geostationary
and high earth orbit (HEO) satellites. conventional GNSS receivers are not
designed to work with weak signals. This book presents novel GNSS receiver
algorithms that are designed to work with very weak signals.
The present work, Advanced Process Engineering Control, is intended to be the
continuation of the authors? Basic Process Engineering Control published by
DeGruyter in 2014. It presents the main and conventional type control loops in process
industries. Titles containing the concept of process engineering were deliberately
chosen to suggest the inclusion, within the same approach, of processes other than
the traditional ones. These come from outside the traditional fields of chemistry and
petrochemistry: the sphere of pharmaceuticals, wastewater management, water puri-
fication, water reserve management, construction material industry, food processing,
household or automotive industries.
