To write data to the FIFO, present the data to be written and assert the write enable. At the next rising edge of the clock, the data will be written. For every rising edge of the clock that the write enable is asserted, a piece of data is written into the FIFO.
If the FIFO has data in it, the value at the head of the FIFO is present on the FIFO data output. To read data from the FIFO, assert the read enable. At the next rising edge of the clock, capture the data output the FIFO will subsequently advance to the next piece of data stored in the FIFO.
The goal of this thesis is the development of traffic engineering rules for cellular packet
radio networks based on GPRS and edge. They are based on traffic models for typical
mobile applications. Load generators, representing these traffic models, are developed
and integrated into a simulation environment with the prototypical implementation of
the EGPRS protocols and models for the radio channel, which were also developed in
the framework of this thesis. With this simulation tool a comprehensive performance
evaluation is carried out that leads to the traffic engineering rules.
The contemporary view of the Smart City is very much static and infrastructure-
centric, focusing on installation and subsequent management of edge devices and
analytics of data provided by these devices. While this still allows a more efficient
management of the city’s infrastructure, optimizations and savings in different do-
mains, the existing architectures are currently designed as single-purpose, vertically
siloed solutions. This hinders active involvement of a variety of stakeholders (e.g.,
citizens and businesses) who naturally form part of the city’s ecosystem and have an
inherent interest in jointly coordinating and influencing city-level activities.
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) allows an end user to send and
receive data in packet transfer mode within a public land mobile network
(PLMN) without using a permanent connection between the mobile station
(MS) and the external network during data transfer. This way, GPRS opti-
mizes the use of network and radio resources (RRs) since, unlike circuit-
switched mode, no connection between the MS and the external network is
established when there is no data flow in progress. Thus, this RR optimiza-
tion makes it possible for the operator to offer more attractive fees.
Wirelessmeshnetworkingisahotandgrowingtopic,stillinitsinfancyin
some ways, whilst already shown to be capable in others. From a military
beginning, mesh networks moved to civilian use and are now being
deployed worldwide as both local area networks (LANs) and metro-
politan area networks (MANs). However, these deployments are still
‘leading edge’ and it is not yet clear what the most enduring applications
of mesh will be – particularly as the market moves from early adopters
towards widespread take up.
Fundamentals of WiMAX was consciously written to appeal to a broad audience, and to be of
value to anyone who is interested in the IEEE 802.16e standards or wireless broadband networks
more generally. The book contains cutting-edge tutorials on the technical and theoretical under-
pinnings to WiMAX that are not available anywhere else, while also providing high-level over-
views that will be informative to the casual reader.
The wireless market has experienced a phenomenal growth since the first second-
generation (2G) digital cellular networks, based on global system for mobile
communications (GSM) technology, were introduced in the early 1990s. Since then,
GSM has become the dominant global 2G radio access standard. Almost 80% of today’s
new subscriptions take place in one of the more than 460 cellular networks that use
GSM technology. This growth has taken place simultaneously with the large experienced
expansion of access to the Internet and its related multimedia services.
