Wireless communications and networking technology are advancing at a very rapid
pace. Newer technologies and standards are evolving to serve the ever-increasing num-
ber of users demanding different types of mobile applications and services. Research
and development activities on wireless technology constitute one of the most impor-
tant segments of research and development in the telecommunications area today.
Convergence between the two largest networks (Telecom and IP) is taking place
very rapidly and at diff erent levels: (1) network level: unifi cation of IP networks
with traditional Telecom networks through evolving standards (Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP), Realtime Transfer Protocol (RTP), SS7, 3G) to support interopera-
bility; (2) service level: traditional Telecom services like voice calls are being provi-
sioned on the IP backbone (VoIP), while traditional IP services (most data-driven
services such as multimedia, browsing, chatting, gaming, etc.) are accessible over
the Telecom network.
Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia
platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and
video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services
have different constraints concerning data rate, delay, and reliability (quality-of-service
(QoS)). Hence, future mobile radio systems have to provide a large flexibility and scal-
ability to match these heterogeneous requirements.
Today, electric power transmission systems should face many demanding chal-
lenges, which include balancing between reliability, economics, environmental,
and other social objectives to optimize the grid assets and satisfy the growing
electrical demand.
Moreover, the operational environment of transmission systems is becoming
increasingly rigorous due to continually evolving functions of interconnected
power networks from operation jurisdiction to control responsibly – coupled with
the rising demand and expectation for reliability.
This book is either ambitious, brave, or reckless approaching
a topic as rapidly evolving as industrial control system (ICS)
security. From the advent of ICS-targeted malicious software
such as Stuxnet to the advanced persistent threats posed by
organized crime and state-sponsored entities, ICS is in the
crosshairs and practices and controls considered safe today
may be obsolete tomorrow. Possibly more so than in more
traditional IT security, because of the differences inherent in
ICS.
本文主要介紹如何在Wado設計套件中進行時序約束，原文出自 xilinx中文社區(qū)。1 Timing Constraints in Vivado-UCF to xdcVivado軟件相比于sE的一大轉變就是約束文件，5E軟件支持的是UcF（User Constraints file，而 Vivado軟件轉換到了XDc（Xilinx Design Constraints）。XDC主要基于SDc（Synopsys Design Constraints）標準，另外集成了Xinx的一些約束標準可以說這一轉變是xinx向業(yè)界標準的靠攏。Altera從 TimeQuest開始就一直使用SDc標準，這一改變，相信對于很多工程師來說是好事，兩個平臺之間的轉換會更加容易些。首先看一下業(yè)界標準SDc的原文介紹：Synopsys widely-used design constraints format, known as sDc, describes the design intent"and surrounding constraints for synthesis, clocking, timing, power, test and environmental and operating conditions. sDc has been in use and evolving for more than 20 years, making it the most popular and proven format for describing design constraints. Essentially all synthesized designs use SDc and numerous EDa companies have translators that can read and process sDc
VME has been the de-facto bus standard for Commercial off the Shelf(COTS ) Circuit Card Assemblies since the 1980's. VME boards have proven to be remarkably capable of evolving to support newer technologies with innovations such as VME Subsystem Bus, PCI Mezzanine Cards(PMC's) and VME320.However, advances in technologies, appearing particularly in interconnects, have demonstratedthe need for an advance in system development. This advance needs to accommodate high speed interconnect, particularly serial interconnects, and higher power delivery in concert with better heat removal.
