This chapter provides extensive coverage of existing mobile wireless technologies. Much of the
emphasis is on the highly anticipated 3G cellular networks and widely deployed wireless local
area networks (LANs), as the next-generation smart phones are likely to offer at least these two
types of connectivity. Other wireless technologies that either have already been commercialized or
are undergoing active research and standardization are introduced as well. Because standardization
plays a crucial role in developing a new technology and a market, throughout the discussion
standards organizations and industry forums or consortiums of some technologies are introduced.
In addition, the last section of this chapter presents a list of standards in the wireless arena.
The mature CMOS fabrication processes are available
in many IC foundries. It is cost-effective to leverage the
existing CMOS fabrication technologies to implement
MEMS devices. On the other hand, the MEMS devices
could also add values to the IC industry as the Moore’s law
reaching its limit. The CMOS MEMS could play a key role
to bridge the gap between the CMOS and MEMS
technologies. The CMOS MEMS also offers the advantage
of monolithic integration of ICs and micro mechanical
components.
Power Electronics is one of modern and key technologies in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering for green power, sustainable energy systems, and smart
grids. Especially, the transformation of existing electric power systems into smart
grids is currently a global trend. The gradual increase of distributed generators in
smart grids indicates a wide and important role for power electronic converters in
the electric power system, also with the increased use of power electronics devices
(nonlinear loads) and motor loadings, low cost, low-loss and high-performance
shunt current quality compensators are highly demanded by power customers to
solve current quality problems caused by those loadings.
One of the predominant topics in the domain of the emerging Smart Grid can be
seen in standardization. With the combination of existing protection and automa-
tion technology with upcoming ICT-based solutions, different interoperability is-
sues arise when technologies have to be combined in the infrastructure. Standards
have proven to be one of the most striking solutions to actually cope with this topic.
Since 2008, this topic has gained much attention in various political and technical
agendas.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification systems
which has gained popularity in recent years for being fast and reliable in keeping
track of the individual objects. In RFID systems, contactless object identification
is achieved using radio signals without the need for physical contact as the case
with other existing identification technologies such as barcodes. Therefore, a huge
number of items can be identified in a short amount of time with high reliability
and low cost which makes the RFID technology very attractive for a wide range of
applications such as supply chain management, e-health, monitoring humans, pets,
animals, and many other objects, toll control, and electrical tagging. Furthermore,
RFID technology eliminates the human error and reduces the total cost of the
products.
Internet of Things (IoT) [26] is a new networking paradigm for cyber-physical
systems that allow physical objects to collect and exchange data. In the IoT, physical
objects and cyber-agents can be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, which enables the integration between the physical world
and computer-based systems and therefore extends the Internet into the real world.
IoT can find numerous applications in smart housing, environmental monitoring,
medical and health care systems, agriculture, transportation, etc. Because of its
significant application potential, IoT has attracted a lot of attention from both
academic research and industrial development.
Current field forecast verification measures are inadequate, primarily because they compress the comparison
between two complex spatial field processes into one number. Discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs) applied to
analysis and contemporaneous forecast fields prove to be an insightful approach to verification problems. DWTs
allow both filtering and compact physically interpretable partitioning of fields. These techniques are used to
reduce or eliminate noise in the verification process and develop multivariate measures of field forecasting
performance that are shown to improve upon existing verification procedures.
Introduction The Sil9135/Sil9135A HDMI Receiver with Enhanced Audio and Deep Color Outputs is a second-generation dual-input High Definition Multimedia Interface(HDMI)receiver. It is software-compatible with the Sil9133receiver, but adds audio support for DTS-HD and Dolby TrueHD. Digital televisions that can display 10-or 12-bit color depth can now provide the highest quality protected digital audio and video over a single cable. The Sil9135and Sil9135A devices, which are functionally identical, can receive Deep Color video up to 12-bit,1080p @60Hz. Backward compatibility with the DVI 1.0specification allows HDMI systems to connect to existing DVI 1.0 hosts, such as HD set-top boxes and PCs. Silicon Image HDMI receivers use the latest generation Transition Minimized Differential Signaling(TMDS) core technology that runs at 25-225 MHz.The chip comes pre-programmed with High-bandwidth?
