AVR 單片機和C語言的集成開發環境 ICCAVR編譯器簡介 ICCAVR是一個綜合了編輯器和工程管理器的集成開發環境（IDE），是一個純32位的程序，可在Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP下運行。Ø 源文件全部被組織在工程之中，文件的編輯和工程的構筑也在IDE的環境中完成。編譯錯誤在狀態窗口中顯示，用鼠標單擊編譯錯誤時，光標會自動跳轉到編輯窗口中引起錯誤的那一行。同時這個工程管理器還能直接產生INTEL HEX格式的燒錄文件和用于AVR Studio調試的COFF格式的文件。Ø ICCAVR是一個32位的程序，支持長文件名。Ø ICCAVR提供了全部的庫源代碼及一些簡單的應用實例供初學者參考，特別是提供庫源代碼，對于用戶理解庫函數的參數及返回值等是非常有益的，并且用戶能夠根據庫源代碼對ICCAVR提供的庫函數進行剪裁和擴充
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：pkkkkp
AVR單片機技術原理 AVR單片機介紹 單片機又稱單片微控制器，它是把一個計算機系統集成到一個芯片上，概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺計算機。單片機技術是計算機技術的一個分支,是簡易機器人的核心元件。 1997年,由ATMEL公司挪威設計中心的A先生與V先生利用ATMEL公司的Flash新技術, 共同研發出RISC精簡指令集的高速8位單片機，簡稱AVR。[編輯本段]AVR單片機的優勢特征 單片機已廣泛地應用于軍事、工業、家用電器、智能玩具、便攜式智能儀表和機器人制作等領域，使產品功能、精度和質量大幅度提升，且電路簡單，故障率低，可靠性高，成本低廉。單片機種類很多，在簡易機器人制作和創新中，為什么選用AVR單片機呢？ 一、簡便易學，費用低廉 首先，對于非專業人員來說，選擇AVR單片機的最主要原因，是進入AVR單片機開發的門檻非常低，只要會操作電腦就可以學習AVR單片機的開發。單片機初學者只需一條ISP下載線，把編輯、調試通過的軟件程序直接在線寫入AVR單片機，即可以開發AVR單片機系列中的各種封裝的器件。AVR單片機因此在業界號稱“一線打天下”。 其次，AVR單片機便于升級。AVR程序寫入是直接在電路板上進行程序修改、燒錄等操作，這樣便于產品升級。 再次，AVR單片機費用低廉。學習AVR單片機可使用ISP在線下載編程方式(即把PC機上編譯好的程序寫到單片機的程序存儲器中)，不需購買仿真器、編程器、擦抹器和芯片適配器等，即可進行所有AVR單片機的開發應用，這可節省很多開發費用。程序存儲器擦寫可達10000次以上，不會產生報廢品。 二、高速、低耗、保密 首先，AVR單片機是高速嵌入式單片機： 1、AVR單片機具有預取指令功能，即在執行一條指令時，預先把下一條指令取進來，使得指令可以在一個時鐘周期內執行。 2、多累加器型，數據處理速度快。AVR單片機具有32個通用工作寄存器，相當于有32條立交橋，可以快速通行。 3、中斷響應速度快。AVR單片機有多個固定中斷向量入口地址，可快速響應中斷。 其次，AVR單片機耗能低。對于典型功耗情況，WDT關閉時為100nA，更適用于電池供電的應用設備。有的器件最低1.8 V即可工作。 再次，AVR單片機保密性能好。它具有不可破解的位加密鎖Lock Bit技術，保密位單元深藏于芯片內部，無法用電子顯微鏡看到。 三、I/O口功能強,具有A/D轉換等電路 1. AVR單片機的I/O口是真正的I/O口，能正確反映I/O口輸入/輸出的真實情況。工業級產品，具有大電流(灌電流)10～40 mA,可直接驅動可控硅SCR或繼電器，節省了外圍驅動器件。 2. AVR單片機內帶模擬比較器，I/O口可用作A/D轉換，可組成廉價的A/D轉換器。ATmega48/8/16等器件具有8路10位A/D。 3. 部分AVR單片機可組成零外設元件單片機系統，使該類單片機無外加元器件即可工作，簡單方便，成本又低。 4. AVR單片機可重設啟動復位,以提高單片機工作的可靠性。有看門狗定時器實行安全保護,可防止程序走亂(飛),提高了產品的抗干擾能力。 四、有功能強大的定時器/計數器及通訊接口 定時/計數器T/C有8位和16位,可用作比較器。計數器外部中斷和PWM(也可用作D/A)用于控制輸出，某些型號的AVR單片機有3～4個PWM，是作電機無級調速的理想器件。 AVR單片機有串行異步通訊UART接口,不占用定時器和SPI同步傳輸功能,因其具有高速特性，故可以工作在一般標準整數頻率下,而波特率可達576K。
上傳時間： 2013-10-18
上傳用戶：二十八號
I/O 型單片機使用手冊 目錄 間接尋址寄存器 – IAR, IAR0, IAR1 .............................................35間接尋址指針 – MP, MP0, MP1 ......................................................35存儲區指針 – BP .........................................................................36累加器 – ACC...................................................................................37程序計數器低字節寄存器 – PCL....................................................37表格寄存器 – TBLP,TBHP,TBLH....................................................37看門狗定時寄存器 – WDTS............................................................38狀態寄存器 – STATUS.....................................................................38中斷控制寄存器 – INTC,INTC0,INTC1 .........................................39定時/計數寄存器...............................................................................39輸入/輸出端口和控制寄存器...........................................................40UART 寄存器 .USR,UCR1,UCR2,TXR/RXR,BRG.......................40輸入/輸出端口..........................................................................................41上拉電阻............................................................................................41PA 口的喚醒......................................................................................41輸入/輸出端口控制寄存器...............................................................41引腳共享功能....................................................................................42編程注意事項....................................................................................45定時/計數器..............................................................................................46配置定時/計數器輸入時鐘源...........................................................47定時/計數寄存器 – TMR, TMR0,TMR0L/TMR0H,TMR1L/TMR1H,TMR2.....................................................................49定時/計數控制寄存器 – TMRC,TMR0C,TMR1C,TMR2C............50定時器模式........................................................................................53事件計數器模式................................................................................53脈沖寬度測量模式............................................................................54可編程分頻器(PFD)和蜂鳴器的應用..............................................55預分頻器(Prescaler)...........................................................................56輸入/輸出接口...................................................................................56編程注意事項....................................................................................57定時/計數器應用范例.......................................................................57中斷............................................................................................................59中斷寄存器........................................................................................59中斷優先權........................................................................................62外部中斷............................................................................................63定時/計數器中斷...............................................................................64UART 中斷........................................................................................64編程注意事項....................................................................................65復位和初始化............................................................................................66復位....................................................................................................66目錄iii異步串行口——UART............................................................................74UART 特性..........................................................................................74UART 外部引腳..................................................................................74數據發送.............................................................................................75UART 狀態控制寄存器......................................................................75波特率發生器.....................................................................................79UART 設置與控制..............................................................................81UART 發送器......................................................................................83UART 接收器......................................................................................84接收錯誤處理.....................................................................................85接收中斷圖解.....................................................................................86地址檢測模式.....................................................................................86暫停模式下的UART 功能.................................................................87UART 應用范例.................................................................................87振蕩器........................................................................................................89系統時鐘配置....................................................................................89系統晶體/陶瓷振蕩器.......................................................................89系統電阻電容振蕩器........................................................................90內部系統電阻電容振蕩器................................................................90RTC 振蕩器........................................................................................91看門狗定時振蕩器............................................................................91暫停和喚醒................................................................................................92暫停.....................................................................................................92進入暫停.............................................................................................92靜態電流.............................................................................................92喚醒....................................................................................................92看門狗定時器............................................................................................94掩膜選項....................................................................................................96應用電路....................................................................................................97第二部份 程序語言.....................................................................99第二章 指令集介紹.................................................................................101指令集......................................................................................................101指令周期..........................................................................................101數據的傳送......................................................................................101算術運算..........................................................................................102邏輯和移位運算..............................................................................102分支和控制的轉換..........................................................................102位運算..............................................................................................102查表運算..........................................................................................103其它運算..........................................................................................103指令設定一覽表......................................................................................104慣例..................................................................................................104I/O 型單片機使用手冊iv第三章 指令定義.....................................................................................107第四章 匯編語言和編譯器.....................................................................121常用符號..................................................................................................121語句語法..................................................................................................122名稱..................................................................................................122操作項..............................................................................................122操作數項..........................................................................................122注解..................................................................................................122編譯偽指令..............................................................................................123條件編譯偽指令..............................................................................123文件控制偽指令..............................................................................124程序偽指令......................................................................................126數據定義偽指令..............................................................................130宏指令..............................................................................................132匯編語言指令..........................................................................................136名稱..................................................................................................136助記符..............................................................................................136操作數、運算子和表達式..............................................................136其它..........................................................................................................139前置引用..........................................................................................139局部標號..........................................................................................139匯編語言保留字..............................................................................140編譯器選項..............................................................................................141編譯列表文件格式..................................................................................141源程序列表......................................................................................141編譯總結..........................................................................................142其它..................................................................................................142第三部份 開發工具................................................................... 145第五章 單片機開發工具.........................................................................147HT-IDE 集成開發環境............................................................................147盛群單片機仿真器(HT-ICE) ..................................................................149HT-ICE 接口卡.................................................................................149OTP 燒寫器.....................................................................................149OTP 適配卡.....................................................................................149系統配置..................................................................................................150HT-ICE 接口卡設置........................................................................151安裝..........................................................................................................153系統要求..........................................................................................153硬件安裝..........................................................................................153軟件安裝..........................................................................................154目錄v第六章 快速開始.....................................................................................159步驟一：建立一個新項目..............................................................159步驟二：將源程序文件加到項目中..............................................159步驟三：編譯項目..........................................................................159步驟四：燒寫OTP 單片機.............................................................160步驟五：傳送程序與掩膜選項單至Holtek ..................................160附錄............................................................................................... 161附錄A 特性曲線圖...................................................................................163附錄B 封裝信息.......................................................................................173
上傳時間： 2013-10-18
上傳用戶：blacklee
The PCA9534 is a 16-pin CMOS device that provide 8 bits of General Purpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvements include higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/O configuration, 400 kHz clock frequency, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間： 2013-11-17
上傳用戶：vodssv
Nios 的用戶定義接口邏輯實例 有許多人問我使用 Nios 的用戶定義接口邏輯怎么用，想了幾天決定設計一個實例來說明。該例為一個使用 user to interface logic 設計的 PWM 實例，其中包括三個文件： plus32.v 是一個為 32bit nios 設計的 pwm 實例。 plus16.v 是一個為 16bit nios 設計的 pwm 實例。 test.s 是一個使用中斷調用 pwm 的匯編語言測試程序。以上模塊和程序均調試通過，并可穩定工作。這里讓大家參考是使大家通過該例來真正理解 user to interface logic 設計方法，和nios 中通過匯編調用中斷的方法，所以超值喔。另外熱烈歡迎大家的指導。 注：在設計 Nios 時，將你調用的 user to interface logic 插件重命名為 plus_0，這樣我的 test.s 可不作任何改動，你就可用示波器通過 nios 的 plus 管腳觀察到一個要求的輸出。
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：cc1915
linux 中斷和設備驅動 本章介紹L i n u x內核是如何維護它支持的文件系統中的文件的，我們先介紹 V F S ( Vi r t u a lFile System，虛擬文件系統)，再解釋一下L i n u x內核的真實文件系統是如何得到支持的。L i n u x的一個最重要特點就是它支持許多不同的文件系統。這使 L i n u x非常靈活，能夠與許多其他的操作系統共存。在寫這本書的時候， L i n u x共支持1 5種文件系統： e x t、 e x t 2、x i a、 m i n i x、 u m s d o s、 msdos 、v f a t、 p r o c、 s m b、 n c p、 i s o 9 6 6 0、 s y s v、 h p f s、 a ffs 和u f s。無疑隨著時間的推移，L i n u x支持的文件系統數還會增加。
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：zxh122
The PCA9534 is a 16-pin CMOS device that provide 8 bits of General Purpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvements include higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/O configuration, 400 kHz clock frequency, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間： 2013-10-10
上傳用戶：inwins
The PCA9535 and PCA9535C are 24-pin CMOS devices that provide 16 bits of GeneralPurpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and wasdeveloped to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. Theimprovements include higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current,individual I/O configuration, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simplesolution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons,LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：愛死愛死
The PCA9517 is a CMOS integrated circuit that provides level shifting between lowvoltage (down to 0.9 V) and higher voltage (2.7 V to 5.5 V) I2C-bus or SMBus applications.While retaining all the operating modes and features of the I2C-bus system during thelevel shifts, it also permits extension of the I2C-bus by providing bidirectional buffering forboth the data (SDA) and the clock (SCL) lines, thus enabling two buses of 400 pF. Usingthe PCA9517 enables the system designer to isolate two halves of a bus for both voltageand capacitance. The SDA and SCL pins are over voltage tolerant and arehigh-impedance when the PCA9517 is unpowered.
標簽： translating Level 9517 PCA
上傳時間： 2013-12-25
上傳用戶：wsf950131
The PCA9555 is a 24-pin CMOS device that provides 16 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed toenhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvementsinclude higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/Oconfiguration, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution whenadditional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.The PCA9555 consists of two 8-bit Configuration (Input or Output selection); Input, Outputand Polarity Inversion (active HIGH or active LOW operation) registers. The systemmaster can enable the I/Os as either inputs or outputs by writing to the I/O configurationbits. The data for each Input or Output is kept in the corresponding Input or Outputregister. The polarity of the read register can be inverted with the Polarity Inversionregister. All registers can be read by the system master. Although pin-to-pin and I2C-busaddress compatible with the PCF8575, software changes are required due to theenhancements, and are discussed in Application Note AN469.
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：fredguo
