In recent years, cellular voice networks have transformed into powerful packet-switched
access networks for both voice communication and Internet access. Evolving Universal
Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks and first Long Term Evolution
(LTE) installations now deliver bandwidths of several megabits per second to individual
users, and mobile access to the Internet from handheld devices and notebooks is no
longer perceived as slower than a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or cable connection.
Bandwidth and capacity demands, however, keep rising because of the increasing number
of people using the networks and because of bandwidth-intensive applications such as
video streaming. Thus, network manufacturers and network operators need to find ways
to continuously increase the capacity and performance of their cellular networks while
reducing the cost.
Licensed spectrum remains 3GPP operators’ top priority to deliver
advanced services and user experience
Opportunistic use of unlicensed spectrum is becoming an important
complement for operators to meet the growing traffic demand
Moving forward 3GPP operators will have two options to offload
traffic to unlicensed spectrum:
1. Wi-Fi (via LTE/Wi-Fi interworking)
2. LTE over unlicensed
It will then be up to each individual operator to choose which
approach to use, which will depend on a number of factors
The following sections profile many of the vendors in the NFV market. The individual profiles were created
through a collaborative effort between SDNCentral’s Research Team and the Vendor’s product experts.
SDNCentral worked under the assumption the information provided by the vendors was factual, auditing the
submissions only to remove unverifiable claims and hyperbole. Extended profiles can be viewed online.
While every attempt has been made to validate the capabilities listed in the profiles, SDNCentral advises end
users to verify the veracity of each claim for themselves in their actual deployment environments. SDNCentral
cannot be held liable for unexpected operations, damages or incorrect operation due to any inaccuracies listed
here. SDNCentral welcomes feedback and additional information from end users based on their real-world
experiences with the products and technologies listed. The SDNCentral research team can be reached at
The solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell (PEM-FC) system is used as the power
supply equipment for transportation and replaces an internal combustion engine. A
reduction of the environmental load is expected through the cogeneration system’s
(CGS) use of the PEM-FC system as a distributed power supply to individual
houses, apartments, and so forth [1–3]. The growing use of distributed power
systems, such as fuel cells, the reduction of power-transmission losses, and an
increase of waste heat recovery are expected. Therefore, the reduction of carbon-
dioxide emission is also expected as compared to conventional energy supply
methods using commercial electric power.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification systems
which has gained popularity in recent years for being fast and reliable in keeping
track of the individual objects. In RFID systems, contactless object identification
is achieved using radio signals without the need for physical contact as the case
with other existing identification technologies such as barcodes. Therefore, a huge
number of items can be identified in a short amount of time with high reliability
and low cost which makes the RFID technology very attractive for a wide range of
applications such as supply chain management, e-health, monitoring humans, pets,
animals, and many other objects, toll control, and electrical tagging. Furthermore,
RFID technology eliminates the human error and reduces the total cost of the
products.
In this book for the optimisation of assembly conveyor lines we are dealing with series part production
featured by a medium complexity degree and a medium number of individual components and assembly
technique alternatives. Modern production techniques for medium to large series products or mass
production usually involve assembly conveyor lines. They still use hand labour more or less automated.
The aim is to have monotonous and similar in type operations or such causing fatigue, stress and
production traumas, gradually replaced by automated assembly cycles, means and techniques. This
usually widely involves industrial robots and handlers. Higher productivity, lower cost and higher quality
of assembled products are usually required.
Machinelearninghasgreatpotentialforimprovingproducts,processesandresearch.Butcomputers
usually do not explain their predictions which is a barrier to the adoption of machine learning.
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable.
After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models
such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-
agnosticmethodsforinterpretingblackboxmodelslikefeatureimportanceandaccumulatedlocal
effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME.
