There is an unprecedented enthusiasm for radio frequency
identification (RFID) technologies today. RFID is based on the
exchange of information carried by electromagnetic waves between a
label, or tag, and a reader. This technology is currently in full
economic expansion, which has manifested itself in widely backed
research activities, some of which will be examined in this book.
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
Abstract: Engineers often wish that radio susceptibility (RS) or radio immunity could be cured with an antibiotic, a vaccine, or someform of cure-all. Unfortunately, solving the RS problem is not that easy. Indeed, the laws of physics apply. In this article we discusssources of RS. We also offer tips and hints to protect systems, power supplies, printed circuit boards (PCBs), and electroniccomponents from radio frequency interference.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of the technologies for the advances of
mobile radio access networks. The topics covered include linear transmitters,
superconducting filters and cryogenic radio frequency (RF) front head, radio over
fiber, software radio base stations, mobile terminal positioning, high speed
downlink packet access (HSDPA), multiple antenna systems such as smart
antennas and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems, orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, IP-based radio access networks
(RAN), autonomic networks, and ubiquitous networks.
Cognitive radios have become a vital solution that allows sharing of the scarce
frequency spectrum available for wireless systems. It has been demonstrated
that it can be used for future wireless systems as well as integrated into 4G/5G
wireless systems. Although there is a great amount of literature in the design of
cognitive radios from a system and networking point of view, there has been very
limited available literature detailing the circuit implementation of such systems.
Our textbook, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design for Cognitive Radios, is
the first book to fill a disconnect in the literature between Cognitive Radio systems
and a detailed account of the circuit implementation and architectures required to
implement such systems. In addition, this book describes several novel concepts
that advance state-of-the-art cognitive radio systems.
射頻識別(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)是一種允許非接觸式數據采集的自動識別技術。其中工作在超高頻(Ultra High Frequency，UHF)頻段的無源RFID系統，由于在物流與供應鏈管理等領域的潛在應用，近年來得到了人們的廣泛關注。這種系統所使用的無源標簽具有識別距離長、體積小、成本低廉等突出特點。目前在市場上出現了各種品牌型號的UHF RFID無源標簽，由于不同品牌型號的標簽在設計與制造工藝上的差異，這些標簽在性能表現上各不相同，這就給終端用戶選擇合適自己應用的標簽帶來了困難。RFID基準測試就是在實際部署RFID系統前對RFID標簽的性能進行科學評估的有效手段。然而為了在常規實驗室條件下得到準確公正的測試結果，需要對基準測試的性能指標及測試方法學開展進一步的研究。本文正是研究符合EPC Class1 Gen2標準的RFID標簽基準測試。 本文首先分析了當前廣泛應用的超高頻無源RFID標簽基準測試性能指標與測試方法上的局限性與不足之處。例如，在真實的應用環境中，由于受到各種環境因素的影響，對同一品牌型號的標簽，很難得到一致的識讀距離測試結果。另外，在某些測試場景中，使用識讀速率作為測試指標，所得到的測試結果數值非常接近，以致分辨度不足以區分不同品牌型號標簽的性能差異。在這些分析基礎上，本文把路徑損耗引入了RFID基準測試，通過有限點的測量與數據擬合分別得到不同類型標簽的路徑損耗方程，結合讀寫器天線的輻射方向圖，進一步得到各種標簽受限于讀寫器接收靈敏度的覆蓋區域。無源標簽由于其被動式能量獲取方式，其實際工作區域仍然受限于前向鏈路。本文通過實驗測試出這些標簽的最小激活功率后，得出了各種標簽在一定讀寫器發射功率下的激活區域。完成這些步驟后，根據這兩種區域的交集可以確定標簽的工作區域，從而進行標簽間的比較并達到基準測試的目的，并能找出限制標簽工作范圍的瓶頸。 本文最后從功率損耗的角度研究了標簽之間的相互干擾，為用戶在密集部署RFID標簽的場景中設置標簽之間的最小間隔距離具有重要的參考意義。
射頻識別(RFID，Radio Frequency Identification)是一種利用電磁波雙向傳輸實現自動識別的技術。近年來，射頻識別技術在物流、交通、身份識別等生產生活領域的應用日益擴大。相比于13.56MHz射頻識別系統，915MHz射頻識別系統在識別距離，閱讀速度方面有更大的優勢，是目前射頻識別產品研究的熱點。 本文在理解ISO/IEC18000-6C協議的基礎上，首先研究用于本系統的基本理論，包括射頻識別技術和嵌入式技術，提出一款基于ISO/IEC18000-6C協議的915MHz射頻識別讀卡器的解決方案。在硬件部分，以Intel公司開發的R1000作為射頻收發模塊的核心；選用ATMEL公司的ARM處理器AT91SAM7S256作為控制單元的主控制器，在ARM處理器上運行μC/OS-II嵌入式實時操作系統，采用多任務實現和其他功能模塊的通信。軟件部分為系統移植了μC/OS-II操作系統，使用C與匯編語言的混合編程編寫Bootloader，編寫了各種硬件設備的驅動程序，使用C語言實現了串行通信程序，實現與上位機通信并實現對程序的更新。本文所設計的射頻識別系統具有模塊化設計、高可靠性等特點。實驗表明，這種設計方案能夠達到ISO/IEC18000-6C協議要求。
