微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置
四川理工學(xué)院 劉鵬飛、梁天德、曾學(xué)明
摘要：
本設(shè)計(jì)以TI的Launch Pad為核心板，采用鎖相放大技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并制作了一套微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置，用以檢測(cè)在強(qiáng)噪聲背景下已知頻率微弱正弦波信號(hào)的幅度值，并在液晶屏上數(shù)字顯示出所測(cè)信號(hào)相應(yīng)的幅度值。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示其抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，測(cè)量精度高。
關(guān)鍵詞：強(qiáng)噪聲；微弱信號(hào)；鎖相放大；Launch Pad
Abstract:
This design is based on the Launch Pad of TI core board, using a lock-in amplifier technique designed and produced a weak signal detection device, to measure the known frequency sine wave signal amplitude values of the weak in the high noise background, and shows the measured signal amplitude of the corresponding value in the liquid crystal screen. Test results showed that it has high accuracy and strong anti-jamming capability.
Keywords: weak signal detection; lock-in-amplifier; Launch Pad
1、引言
隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在科研與生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中人們?cè)絹?lái)越需要從復(fù)雜高強(qiáng)度的噪聲中檢測(cè)出有用的微弱信號(hào)，因此對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)成為當(dāng)前科研的熱點(diǎn)。微弱信號(hào)并不意味著信號(hào)幅度小，而是指被噪聲淹沒(méi)的信號(hào)，“微弱”也僅是相對(duì)于噪聲而言的。只有在有效抑制噪聲的條件下有選擇的放大微弱信號(hào)的幅度，才能提取出有用信號(hào)。微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛，在生物醫(yī)學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、材料科學(xué)等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域顯得愈發(fā)重要。
2、方案論證
針對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)的方法有很多，比如濾波法、取樣積分器、鎖相放大器等。下面就針對(duì)這幾種方法做一簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。
方案一：濾波法。
在大部分的檢測(cè)儀器中都要用到濾波方法對(duì)模擬信號(hào)進(jìn)行一定的處理，例如隔離直流分量，改善信號(hào)波形，防止離散化時(shí)的波形混疊，克服噪聲的不利影響，提高信噪比等。常用的噪聲濾波器有：帶通、帶阻、高通、低通等。但是濾波方法檢測(cè)信號(hào)不能用于信號(hào)頻譜與噪聲頻譜重疊的情況，有其局限性。雖然可以對(duì)濾波器的通頻帶進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，但其噪聲抑制能力有限，同時(shí)其準(zhǔn)確性與穩(wěn)定性將大打折扣。
Abstract: This application note describes how to design boost converters using the MAX17597 peakcurrent-mode controller. Boost converters can be operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) orcontinuous conduction mode (CCM). This operating mode can affect the component choices, stress levelin power devices, and controller design. Formulas for calculating component values and ratingsare alsopresented.
Abstract: Mechanical misalignment and scaling factors lead to a mismatch between the values coming from a touchscreen panel (as translated by a touch screen controller) and the display (typically an LCD) on which the touch screenpanel is mounted. This tutorial discusses how to calibrate the touch screen panel to match the display.
Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates
There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential transmission lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to the nature of the substrate material. This needs to be considered as a layered structure of epoxy resinand glass fibre. Calculations, using Boundary Element field methods, show that the distribution of the electricfield within this layered structure determines the apparent dielectric constant and therefore affects theimpedance. Thus FR4 cannot be considered to be uniform dielectric when calculating differential impedance.
Abstract: We can apply a BiCMOS integrated circuit with only resistors and no transistors to solve adifficult design problem. The mythically perfect operational amplifier's gain and temperature coefficient aredependent on external resistor values. Maxim precision resistor arrays are manufactured together on asingle die and then automatically trimmed, to ensure close ratio matching. This guarantees that theoperational amplifier (op amp) gain and temperature coefficient are predictable and reliable, even withlarge production volumes.
Abstract: A resistive feedback network is often used to set the output voltage of a power supply. A mechanical potentiometer (pot)conveniently solves the problem of adjusting a power supply. For easier automatic calibration, a mechanical pot can be replaced witha digital pot. This application note presents a calibration solution that uses a digital pot, because digipots are smaller, do not movewith age or vibration, and can be recalibrated remotely. This proposed solution reduces the susceptibility of the system to thetolerance of the digital pot's end-to-end resistance, making the solution optimal fordesigners. This application note also explainssome of the equations required to calculate the resistor chain values and to use a digital pot in this way. A spreadsheet withstandard reisistor values is available for easy calculations.
Analog Inputs and Outputs in an S7 PLC are represented in the PLC as a 16-bit integer. Over
the nominal span of the analog input or output, the value of this integer will range between -
27648 and +27648. However, it is easier to use the analog values if they are scaled to the
same units and ranges as the process being controlled. This applications tip describes
methods for scaling analog values to and from engineering units.
設(shè)計(jì)一種基于AT89C52的語(yǔ)音錄放系統(tǒng)，利用單片機(jī)、ISD2560語(yǔ)音錄放器件、麥克風(fēng)、揚(yáng)聲器等元器件實(shí)現(xiàn)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)，并利用C51高級(jí)語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)ISD2560器件控制字的寫(xiě)入和定時(shí)中斷程序。經(jīng)軟硬件調(diào)試，結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)錄放效果良好，具有一定的工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。
Abstract:
Voice recording and playback system based on AT89C52is designed in this paper.Using the single-chip microcomputer，voice recording and playback chip ISD2560，microphone and speaker to realize the hardware circuit design.Writing ISD2560control words and timing interrupt procedures are designed by C51advanced language.Through the hardware and software test,voice recording and playback system play better voice,and this system has some engineering practical values.
