鋁電解電容器：詳細介紹原理，應用，使用技巧 電容器(capacitor)在音響組件中被廣泛運用，濾波、反交連、高頻補償、直流回授...隨處可見。但若依功能及制造材料、制造方法細分，那可不是一朝一夕能說得明白。所以縮小范圍，本文只談電解電容，而且只談電源平滑濾波用的鋁質電解電容。 每臺音響機器都要吃電源─除了被動式前級，既然需要供電，那就少不了「濾波」這個動作。不要和我爭，采用電池供電當然無必要電源平滑濾波。但電池充電電路也有整流及濾波，故濾波電容器還是會存在。 我們現(xiàn)在習用的濾波電容，正式的名稱應是：鋁箔干式電解電容器。就我的觀察，除加拿大Sonic Frontiers真空管前級，曾在高壓穩(wěn)壓線路中選用PP塑料電容做濾波外，其它機種一概都是采用鋁箔干式電解電容；因此網友有必要對它多做了解。 面對電源穩(wěn)壓線路中擔任電源平滑濾波的電容器，你首先想到的會是什幺？─容量？耐壓？電容器的封裝外皮上一定有容量標示，那是指靜電容量；也一定有耐壓標示，那是指工作電壓或額定電壓。 工作電壓(working voltage)簡稱WV，為絕對安全值；若是surge voltage(簡稱SV或Vs)，就是涌浪電壓或崩潰電壓;，超過這個電壓值就保證此電容會被浪淹死─小心電容會爆！根據(jù)國際IEC 384-4規(guī)定，低于315V時，Vs=1.15×Vr，高于315V時，Vs=1.1×Vr。Vs是涌浪電壓，Vr是額定電壓(rated voltage)。
上傳時間： 2013-12-23
上傳用戶：gundan
Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.
標簽： Creating Machines Mentor State
上傳時間： 2013-10-08
上傳用戶：wangzhen1990
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworking switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get working. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear circuits to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at ground, andthe ground terminal shows volts of noise.
標簽： Regulators Switching Poets for
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：奇奇奔奔
介紹基于ISA總線與KH-9300的數(shù)據(jù)采集板卡的設置，詳細說明8254定時計數(shù)器及8259中斷控制器的結構特點、工作方式、控制字等，探討中斷類型、中斷處理程序、中斷矢量表及其填寫。重點講述使用TorboC編寫中斷服務程序的方法，應注意的主要問題及程序測試的結果。 Abstract: The settings of KH-9300 data acquisition board based on the ISA bus is introduced,the structural characteristics,working methods,control characters of the timing counter 8254 and interruptioncontroller 8259 are explained in detail.The interruption type,interrupt handling programs,interruption vector table and its filling also are discussed.Further,great emphasis is put on the method of interrupt service program compiled by Torbo C,the main issues that should be noted,and the results of program testing.
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：qq527891923
針對51單片機系統(tǒng)中常用的A/D轉換器價格高、精度低的缺點，介紹TI公司的16 位的帶有I2C串行接口的A/D轉換器ADS1110的工作原理，給出ADS1110與AT89C51單片機系統(tǒng)的接口電路和軟件設計。實踐證明，ADS1110具有高性價比和實用性。 Abstract: According to the disadvantages of high expense and low accuracy of the general A/D converter used in MCS51 microchip system,the principle and working process of a high accuracy 16-bit A/D conversion ADS1110 which has I2C bus and belongs to TI Company are proposed here as well as the interface of ADS1110 to AT89C51 and software list.It is proved to be high performance index and practicability.
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：gyq
針對材料試驗機等設備中要求測量或控制材料拉伸或壓縮的位移，一般采用光電軸角編碼器檢測位置信號，輸出正交編碼脈沖信號。若采用其他方法檢測位置信號，必然導致電路設計復雜，可靠性降低。因此，提出一種基于LS7266R1的電子式萬能材料試驗機設計方案。給出了試驗機中的控制器工作原理，LS7266R1與單片機的接口硬件設計，以及主程序軟件流程圖。巧妙地把力量傳感器，位移傳感器等機械運動狀態(tài)的壓力或拉力以及位置坐標，變成了電壓信號和電脈沖數(shù)字信號，供A/D測量和LS7266R1計數(shù)，從而實現(xiàn)了獨立完成材料試驗控制或通過PC機串口命令完成材料試驗控制。 Abstract: Aiming at the requirement that the displacement of the tension and compression always be tested and controlled in the equipement such as material testing machine. The position signal was tested by photoelectric axial angle coder. Therefore， the paper proposes the design of electronic universal testing machine design based on LS7266R1. If the position signal detected by other methods， will inevitably lead to the circuit design complexity， reliability decreased. The work theory of the controller， the hardware interface design between LS7266R1 and single chip， and the flow chart of main program， are presented in this paper. The signal of the compression or tension power and displacement at working， which tested by power sensor and displacement sensor especially， is changed into electric voltage and electric pulse numerical signals. And these signals can be tested by A/D and counted by LS7266R1. Finally the test of the material properties can be controlled by itself， or controlled by the COM command of PC.
上傳時間： 2013-11-02
上傳用戶：yl1140vista
介紹基于ATmega8型單片機的溫度測量及加熱控制系統(tǒng)。分析系統(tǒng)的工作原理，詳盡討論系統(tǒng)的硬件電路和軟件流程。實驗證明，該系統(tǒng)工作可靠，穩(wěn)定性高。 Abstract: The new temperature measuring and heating control system based on ATmega8 MCU is introduced.The system’s working principles is analyzed.The design principles of hardware and software are also discussed in detail.This system has been testified and it works steady and reliably.
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：caiguoqing
為解決輸油管道溫度壓力參數(shù)實時監(jiān)測的問題，設計了以C8051F930單片機作為控制核心的超低功耗輸油管道溫度壓力遠程監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。現(xiàn)場儀表使用高精度電橋采集數(shù)據(jù)，通過433 MHz短距離無線通信網絡與遠程終端RTU進行通信，RTU通過GPRS網絡與PC上位機進行遠程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，在上位機中實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)存儲和圖形化界面顯示，從而實現(xiàn)輸油管道溫度壓力參數(shù)的實時監(jiān)測和異常報警。經實驗證明，該系統(tǒng)的12位數(shù)據(jù)采集精度滿足設計要求，漏碼率小于1%，正常工作時間超過5個月，能實時有效地監(jiān)測輸油管道的溫度壓力參數(shù)，節(jié)省大量人工成本，有效預防管道參數(shù)異常造成的經濟損失和環(huán)境污染。 Abstract: In order to solve the problems on real-time monitoring of pipeline temperature and pressure parameters， the ultra-low power remote pipeline temperature and pressure monitoring system was designed by using the single chip processor C8051F930 as the control core. The high-precision electric bridge was used in field instruments for data collection， the 433MHz short-range wireless communication network was used to make communication between field instrument and RTU， the GPRS was used by the RTU to transmit data to the PC host computer， and the data was stored and displayed in the PC host computer， so the real-time monitoring and exception alerts of pipeline temperature and pressure parameters were achieved. The experiment proves that the system of which error rate is less than 1% over five months working with the 12-bit data acquisition accuracy can effectively monitor the pipeline temperature and pressure parameters in real time， it saves a lot of labor costs and effectively prevents environmental pollution and economic losses caused by abnormal channel parameters.
標簽： C8051F930 溫度 壓力 遠程監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)
上傳時間： 2013-11-07
上傳用戶：cuibaigao
介紹了一種基于MSP430系列單片機和ADXL203加速度傳感器的數(shù)字式傾角儀，它不僅可以實現(xiàn)水平度檢測，而且可以測量00～3600范圍內的任意傾角，分辨率可達O．1。。此外，由于該傾角儀輸出為數(shù)字結果，因此它也可以與其他的數(shù)字設備結合起來，組合成一個功能更加強大的儀器。該數(shù)字傾角儀可廣泛應用于建筑、機械、道路、橋梁、石油、煤礦和地質勘探等各種需要測量重力參考系下傾角的場合。關鍵詞：MSP430F133單片機；力敏傳感器；ADXL203加速度計；角度測量 Abstract：This paper presents a new style digital inclinometer which is developed on the basis of the MSP430F133 MCU and the ADXL203 dual axis aeeelerometer．This inclinometer not only can test levelness，but also can measure any angle between 0。and 360。with an accuracy of 0．1 O．In addition，its output is a digital result，which makes it possible to integrate itself with other digital devices to form a more functional unit．This inclinometer can be widely used in any construction site，oil field，coal-mine or geologic survey and SO on where it will provide the working people with convenience to measure any angles．Key words：MSP430F133 MCU；force sensor；ADXL203 accelerometer；angle measurement
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：lizhizheng88
單片機系統(tǒng)“PC”失控的軟件措施Software Measure of GettingO uto fC ontrolfo r“PC"in S ingleC hipC omputerS ystem謐 加 春 王 曉 基 雷 小 華(江 西 理 工 大 學機 電 工 程 學 院 ，贛 州 34 10 00)摘要單片機系統(tǒng)在實際工業(yè)現(xiàn)場中可能遇到各種干擾和自身的隨機性故障?，F(xiàn)場惡劣的環(huán)境有可能使計算機系統(tǒng)發(fā)生異常，計算機程序指針“PC”失控就是常見的故障之一，如果發(fā)生“PC”失控，將導致CPI工作混亂，釀成嚴重的事故。研究了“PC”失控的原因，并指出軟件抗干擾的幾種方法，有效保證單片機系統(tǒng)的正常工作。關鍵詞單片機“PC”失控抗干擾Abstract Inp racticalin dustrialfi elds,th ereis v ariousin terferencea fectingo perationo fsi nglec hipc omputersy stemsa ndt hec omputersy stems。fac噸random faults飾themselves. It is very common that the severe environment makes the computer systems abnormal. The program counter "PC"gettingo utof co ntorlis on eo fth ec ommonfa ults.If th isoc curs,C PUw ouldb eru nningo utof or deran din torducesse riousan cient.T hec ausesof " PC"geting out of control， studied in this paper and some countermeasures of anti-interference師software are given to ensure single chip computer systemworking properly.Keywords Single。飾computer Porgramc ounter"P C" Anti-interfeernc 在設 計 和 開發(fā)單片機系統(tǒng)時，一般難以周全地預計單片機系統(tǒng)在實際工業(yè)現(xiàn)場中可能遇到的各種干擾和自身的隨機性故障。因此，除了采取防止和抑制干擾的各項措施外，還應該借助于軟件措施克服某些干擾，系統(tǒng)還應具備迅速自行恢復的能力。本文介紹的應對單片機系統(tǒng)PC失控的軟件措施，設計靈活，節(jié)省硬件資源，能保證測控系統(tǒng)長期可靠地運行。MC S- 5 1單片機以其優(yōu)良的性能價格比大量應用于工業(yè)現(xiàn)場測試和控制領域。但是，現(xiàn)場惡劣的環(huán)境有可能使計算機系統(tǒng)發(fā)生異常，計算機程序指針PC失控就是常見的故障之一，一旦發(fā)生PC“走飛”，計算機系統(tǒng)就會出現(xiàn)工作混亂，釀成嚴重的事故。為 了 在 CP 失控時盡量減少由此帶來的不利影響，并盡快使系統(tǒng)恢復正常，需要采取一定的軟件措施和硬件措施。常見的硬件措施有“看門狗”電路。軟件措施設置的前提條件是:①在干擾作用下，微機系統(tǒng)硬件部分不會受到任何損壞，或者損壞部分設置有監(jiān)測狀態(tài)可供查詢;②程序區(qū)不會受到干擾侵害。單片機系統(tǒng)的程序和表格以及重要的參數(shù)均設置在ROM區(qū)，不會因干擾的侵人而改變;③ RAM區(qū)中的重要數(shù)據(jù)不會被破壞，或者雖然被破壞，但是可以重新建立。
標簽： 單片機系統(tǒng) 軟件
上傳時間： 2013-11-02
上傳用戶：bhqrd30
