An Efficient and Effective Detailed Placement Algorithm Global Swap  To identify a pair of cells that can be swapped to reduce wirelength (others are fixed). 2. Vertical Swap  Swap a cell with a nearby cell in the segment above or below. 3. Local Re-ordering  Re-order consecutive cells locally to reduce wirelength. 4. Single-Segment Clustering  Place cells optimally within a segment.

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