多層線路板設(shè)計(jì)
標(biāo)簽： 多層 線路板設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：HZB20416
【摘要】本文結(jié)合作者多年的印制板設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，著重印制板的電氣性能，從印制板穩(wěn)定性、可靠性方面，來討論多層印制板設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求。【關(guān)鍵詞】印制電路板；表面貼裝器件；高密度互連；通孔【Key words】Printed Circuit Board；Surface Mounting Device；High Density Interface；Via一．概述印制板（PCB－Printed Circuit Board）也叫印制電路板、印刷電路板。多層印制板，就是指兩層以上的印制板，它是由幾層絕緣基板上的連接導(dǎo)線和裝配焊接電子元件用的焊盤組成，既具有導(dǎo)通各層線路，又具有相互間絕緣的作用。隨著SMT（表面安裝技術(shù)）的不斷發(fā)展，以及新一代SMD（表面安裝器件）的不斷推出，如QFP、QFN、CSP、BGA（特別是MBGA），使電子產(chǎn)品更加智能化、小型化，因而推動(dòng)了PCB工業(yè)技術(shù)的重大改革和進(jìn)步。自1991年IBM公司首先成功開發(fā)出高密度多層板（SLC）以來，各國(guó)各大集團(tuán)也相繼開發(fā)出各種各樣的高密度互連（HDI）微孔板。這些加工技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，促使了PCB的設(shè)計(jì)已逐漸向多層、高密度布線的方向發(fā)展。多層印制板以其設(shè)計(jì)靈活、穩(wěn)定可靠的電氣性能和優(yōu)越的經(jīng)濟(jì)性能，現(xiàn)已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)制造中。下面，作者以多年設(shè)計(jì)印制板的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，著重印制板的電氣性能，結(jié)合工藝要求，從印制板穩(wěn)定性、可靠性方面，來談?wù)劧鄬又瓢逶O(shè)計(jì)的基本要領(lǐng)。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：zczc
現(xiàn)代的電子設(shè)計(jì)和芯片制造技術(shù)正在飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜度、時(shí)鐘和總線頻率等等都呈快速上升趨勢(shì)，但系統(tǒng)的電壓卻不斷在減小，所有的這一切加上產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)的時(shí)間要求給設(shè)計(jì)師帶來了前所未有的巨大壓力。要想保證產(chǎn)品的一次性成功就必須能預(yù)見設(shè)計(jì)中可能出現(xiàn)的各種問題，并及時(shí)給出合理的解決方案，對(duì)于高速的數(shù)字電路來說，最令人頭大的莫過于如何確保瞬時(shí)跳變的數(shù)字信號(hào)通過較長(zhǎng)的一段傳輸線，還能完整地被接收，并保證良好的電磁兼容性，這就是目前頗受關(guān)注的信號(hào)完整性（SI）問題。本章就是圍繞信號(hào)完整性的問題，讓大家對(duì)高速電路有個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí)，并介紹一些相關(guān)的基本概念。 第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報(bào)方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對(duì)信號(hào)完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報(bào)方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號(hào)的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報(bào)方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號(hào)的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對(duì)串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號(hào)的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場(chǎng)屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場(chǎng)屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場(chǎng)屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對(duì)回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時(shí)序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時(shí)序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時(shí)序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時(shí)序約束條件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步時(shí)序系統(tǒng).......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步時(shí)序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由來...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 與SPICE 的比較.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的構(gòu)成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相關(guān)工具及鏈接..............................................................................120第八章 高速設(shè)計(jì)理論在實(shí)際中的運(yùn)用.............................................................1228.1 疊層設(shè)計(jì)方案...........................................................................................1228.2 過孔對(duì)信號(hào)傳輸?shù)挠绊?..........................................................................1278.3 一般布局規(guī)則...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技術(shù)...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走線策略............................................................................................134
標(biāo)簽： 信號(hào)完整性
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-05-15
上傳用戶：dudu1210004
PCB LAYOUT 術(shù)語解釋(TERMS)1. COMPONENT SIDE(零件面、正面)︰大多數(shù)零件放置之面。2. SOLDER SIDE(焊錫面、反面)。3. SOLDER MASK(止焊膜面)︰通常指Solder Mask Open 之意。4. TOP PAD︰在零件面上所設(shè)計(jì)之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。5. BOTTOM PAD：在銲錫面上所設(shè)計(jì)之零件腳PAD，不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。6. POSITIVE LAYER：?jiǎn)巍㈦p層板之各層線路；多層板之上、下兩層線路及內(nèi)層走線皆屬之。7. NEGATIVE LAYER：通常指多層板之電源層。8. INNER PAD：多層板之POSITIVE LAYER 內(nèi)層PAD。9. ANTI-PAD：多層板之NEGATIVE LAYER 上所使用之絕緣範(fàn)圍，不與零件腳相接。10. THERMAL PAD：多層板內(nèi)NEGATIVE LAYER 上必須零件腳時(shí)所使用之PAD，一般稱為散熱孔或?qū)住?1. PAD (銲墊)：除了SMD PAD 外，其他PAD 之TOP PAD、BOTTOM PAD 及INNER PAD 之形狀大小皆應(yīng)相同。12. Moat : 不同信號(hào)的 Power& GND plane 之間的分隔線13. Grid : 佈線時(shí)的走線格點(diǎn)2. Test Point : ATE 測(cè)試點(diǎn)供工廠ICT 測(cè)試治具使用ICT 測(cè)試點(diǎn) LAYOUT 注意事項(xiàng):PCB 的每條TRACE 都要有一個(gè)作為測(cè)試用之TEST PAD(測(cè)試點(diǎn))，其原則如下：1. 一般測(cè)試點(diǎn)大小均為30-35mil，元件分布較密時(shí)，測(cè)試點(diǎn)最小可至30mil.測(cè)試點(diǎn)與元件PAD 的距離最小為40mil。2. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)與測(cè)試點(diǎn)間的間距最小為50-75mil，一般使用75mil。密度高時(shí)可使用50mil,3. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)必須均勻分佈於PCB 上，避免測(cè)試時(shí)造成板面受力不均。4. 多層板必須透過貫穿孔(VIA)將測(cè)試點(diǎn)留於錫爐著錫面上(Solder Side)。5. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)必需放至於Bottom Layer6. 輸出test point report(.asc 檔案powerpcb v3.5)供廠商分析可測(cè)率7. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)設(shè)置處:Setuppadsstacks
標(biāo)簽： layout design pcb 硬件工程師
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：pei5
第一部分 信號(hào)完整性知識(shí)基礎(chǔ).................................................................................5第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報(bào)方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對(duì)信號(hào)完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報(bào)方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號(hào)的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報(bào)方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號(hào)的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對(duì)串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號(hào)的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場(chǎng)屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場(chǎng)屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場(chǎng)屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對(duì)回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時(shí)序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時(shí)序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時(shí)序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時(shí)序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設(shè)計(jì)的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統(tǒng)......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動(dòng)布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設(shè)計(jì)的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓?fù)淠０弪?qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)...................................................................2313.4.4 時(shí)序驅(qū)動(dòng)布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................2323.4.6 設(shè)計(jì)后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進(jìn)階運(yùn)用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號(hào)完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)前和設(shè)計(jì)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設(shè)置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點(diǎn)...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運(yùn)用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號(hào)的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進(jìn)行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進(jìn)行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號(hào)完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對(duì)傳輸線進(jìn)行設(shè)置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進(jìn)行串?dāng)_仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進(jìn)一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串?dāng)_仿真..........................................................................309
標(biāo)簽： PCB 內(nèi)存 仿真技術(shù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-04-18
上傳用戶：wpt
減小電磁干擾的印刷電路板設(shè)計(jì)原則 內(nèi) 容 摘要……1 1 背景…1 1.1 射頻源.1 1.2 表面貼裝芯片和通孔元器件.1 1.3 靜態(tài)引腳活動(dòng)引腳和輸入.1 1.4 基本回路……..2 1.4.1 回路和偶極子的對(duì)稱性3 1.5 差模和共模…..3 2 電路板布局…4 2.1 電源和地…….4 2.1.1 感抗……4 2.1.2 兩層板和四層板4 2.1.3 單層板和二層板設(shè)計(jì)中的微處理器地.4 2.1.4 信號(hào)返回地……5 2.1.5 模擬數(shù)字和高壓…….5 2.1.6 模擬電源引腳和模擬參考電壓.5 2.1.7 四層板中電源平面因該怎么做和不應(yīng)該怎么做…….5 2.2 兩層板中的電源分配.6 2.2.1 單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)分配.6 2.2.2 星型分配6 2.2.3 格柵化地.7 2.2.4 旁路和鐵氧體磁珠……9 2.2.5 使噪聲靠近磁珠……..10 2.3 電路板分區(qū)…11 2.4 信號(hào)線……...12 2.4.1 容性和感性串?dāng)_……...12 2.4.2 天線因素和長(zhǎng)度規(guī)則...12 2.4.3 串聯(lián)終端傳輸線…..13 2.4.4 輸入阻抗匹配...13 2.5 電纜和接插件……...13 2.5.1 差模和共模噪聲……...14 2.5.2 串?dāng)_模型……..14 2.5.3 返回線路數(shù)目..14 2.5.4 對(duì)板外信號(hào)I/O的建議14 2.5.5 隔離噪聲和靜電放電ESD .14 2.6 其他布局問題……...14 2.6.1 汽車和用戶應(yīng)用帶鍵盤和顯示器的前端面板印刷電路板...15 2.6.2 易感性布局…...15 3 屏蔽..16 3.1 工作原理…...16 3.2 屏蔽接地…...16 3.3 電纜和屏蔽旁路………………..16 4 總結(jié)…………………………………………17 5 參考文獻(xiàn)………………………17
標(biāo)簽： 印刷電路板 設(shè)計(jì)原則
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：18165383642
•1-1 傳輸線方程式 •1-2 傳輸線問題的時(shí)域分析 •1-3 正弦狀的行進(jìn)波 •1-4 傳輸線問題的頻域分析 •1-5 駐波和駐波比 •1-6 Smith圖 •1-7 多段傳輸線問題的解法 •1-8 傳輸線的阻抗匹配
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：laomv123
第二章 地線干擾與接地技術(shù)為什么要地線地環(huán)路問題與解決方法公共阻抗耦合問題與解決方法各種接地方法電纜屏蔽層的接地 安全地信號(hào)地地線引發(fā)干擾問題的原因?qū)Ь€的阻抗導(dǎo)線的阻抗金屬條與導(dǎo)線的阻抗比較地線問題－地環(huán)路隔離變壓器光隔離器共模扼流圈的作用平衡電路對(duì)地環(huán)路干擾的抑制地線問題－公共阻抗耦合單點(diǎn)接地對(duì)噪聲的抑制接地方式種類單點(diǎn)接地串聯(lián)單點(diǎn)、并聯(lián)單點(diǎn)混合接地線路板上的地線長(zhǎng)地線的阻抗多點(diǎn)接地混合接地
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-30
上傳用戶：tsfh
電路板故障分析 維修方式介紹 ASA維修技術(shù) ICT維修技術(shù) 沒有線路圖,無從修起 電路板太複雜,維修困難 維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技術(shù)不足 無法維修的死板,廢棄可惜 送電中作動(dòng)態(tài)維修,危險(xiǎn)性極高 備份板太多,積壓資金 送國(guó)外維修費(fèi)用高,維修時(shí)間長(zhǎng) 對(duì)老化零件無從查起無法預(yù)先更換 維修速度及效率無法提升,造成公司負(fù)擔(dān),客戶埋怨 投資大量維修設(shè)備,操作複雜,績(jī)效不彰
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：neu_liyan
介紹了2H橋級(jí)聯(lián)電路結(jié)構(gòu)，研究和分析了用于多電平逆變器的三種不同的多載波PWM調(diào)制策略，并分析了逆變器側(cè)輸出電壓頻譜。在上述調(diào)制策略基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合多參考波調(diào)制方法，采用新型的多參考波和多載波的PWM技術(shù)，在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境下構(gòu)建了PWM調(diào)制模型。仿真結(jié)果與典型的多載波PWM策略結(jié)果的比較顯示，新型的多載波控制方法能夠小幅減小總諧波的失真率（THD），改善了輸出電壓頻譜。
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：lili123
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