Abstract: This document explains how the Cupertino (MAXREFDES5#) subsystem reference design meets the higher resolution, higher voltage,and isolation needs of industrial control and industrial automation applications. Hardware and firmware design files as well as FFTs andhistograms from lab measurements are provided.
微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置
四川理工學(xué)院 劉鵬飛、梁天德、曾學(xué)明
摘要：
本設(shè)計(jì)以TI的Launch Pad為核心板，采用鎖相放大技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并制作了一套微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置，用以檢測(cè)在強(qiáng)噪聲背景下已知頻率微弱正弦波信號(hào)的幅度值，并在液晶屏上數(shù)字顯示出所測(cè)信號(hào)相應(yīng)的幅度值。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示其抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，測(cè)量精度高。
關(guān)鍵詞：強(qiáng)噪聲；微弱信號(hào)；鎖相放大；Launch Pad
Abstract:
This design is based on the Launch Pad of TI core board, using a lock-in amplifier technique designed and produced a weak signal detection device, to measure the known frequency sine wave signal amplitude values of the weak in the high noise background, and shows the measured signal amplitude of the corresponding value in the liquid crystal screen. Test results showed that it has high accuracy and strong anti-jamming capability.
Keywords: weak signal detection; lock-in-amplifier; Launch Pad
1、引言
隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在科研與生產(chǎn)過程中人們?cè)絹碓叫枰獜膹?fù)雜高強(qiáng)度的噪聲中檢測(cè)出有用的微弱信號(hào)，因此對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)成為當(dāng)前科研的熱點(diǎn)。微弱信號(hào)并不意味著信號(hào)幅度小，而是指被噪聲淹沒的信號(hào)，“微弱”也僅是相對(duì)于噪聲而言的。只有在有效抑制噪聲的條件下有選擇的放大微弱信號(hào)的幅度，才能提取出有用信號(hào)。微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛，在生物醫(yī)學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、材料科學(xué)等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域顯得愈發(fā)重要。
2、方案論證
針對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)的方法有很多，比如濾波法、取樣積分器、鎖相放大器等。下面就針對(duì)這幾種方法做一簡(jiǎn)要說明。
方案一：濾波法。
在大部分的檢測(cè)儀器中都要用到濾波方法對(duì)模擬信號(hào)進(jìn)行一定的處理，例如隔離直流分量，改善信號(hào)波形，防止離散化時(shí)的波形混疊，克服噪聲的不利影響，提高信噪比等。常用的噪聲濾波器有：帶通、帶阻、高通、低通等。但是濾波方法檢測(cè)信號(hào)不能用于信號(hào)頻譜與噪聲頻譜重疊的情況，有其局限性。雖然可以對(duì)濾波器的通頻帶進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，但其噪聲抑制能力有限，同時(shí)其準(zhǔn)確性與穩(wěn)定性將大打折扣。
Abstract: Many digital devices incorporate analog circuits. For instance, microprocessors, applicationspecificintegrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may have internalvoltage references, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). However,there are challenges when you integrate more analog onto a digital design. As with all things in life, inelectronics we must always trade one parameter for another, with the application dictating the propertrade-off of analog function. In this application note, we examine how the demand for economy of spaceand cost pushes analog circuits onto digital substrates, and what design challenges emerge.
Abstract: This application note describes a new generation of digital-input Class D audio amplifiers that achieve high PSRRperformance, comparable to traditional analog Class D amplifiers. More importantly, these digital-input Class D amplifiersprovide additional benefits of reduced power, complexity, noise, and system cost.
Abstract: This application note describes the essential workings of an electrocardiogram (ECG). It discussesfactors that disrupt the ECG signals and make reliable, highly-accurate electrical characterization difficult. Theindustry-standard solution for ECG electrical characterization, which uses an analog front-end and ADCcombination, is explained. The article then introduces the MAX11040 simultaneous-sampling, sigma-deltaADC as a compelling, highly integrated solution that eliminates the need for the AFE, and saves both spaceand cost for the application.
Abstract: This tutorial discusses proper printed-circuit board (PCB) grounding for mixed-signal designs. Formost applications a simple method without cuts in the ground plane allows for successful PCB layouts withthis kind of IC. We begin this document with the basics: where the current flows. Later, we describe how toplace components and route signal traces to minimize problems with crosstalk. Finally, we move on toconsider power supply-currents and end by discussing how to extend what we have learned to circuits withmultiple mixed-signal ICs.
Abstract: This application note describes how to design boost converters using the MAX17597 peakcurrent-mode controller. Boost converters can be operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) orcontinuous conduction mode (CCM). This operating mode can affect the component choices, stress levelin power devices, and controller design. Formulas for calculating component values and ratingsare alsopresented.
Abstract: This application note describes how sampling clock jitter (time interval error or "TIE jitter") affectsthe performance of delta-sigma digital-to-analog converters (DACs). New insights explain the importanceof separately specifying low-frequency (< 2x passband frequency) and high-frequency or wideband (> 2xpassband frequency) jitter tolerance in these devices. The article also provides an application example ofa simple highly jittered cycle-skipped sampling clock and describes a method for generating a properbroadband jittered clock. The document then goes on to compare Maxim's audio DAC jitter tolerance tocompetitor audio DACs. Maxim's exceptionally high jitter tolerance allows very simple and low-cost sampleclock implementations.
Abstract: A digital RF modulator, an integrated solution that satisfies stringent DOCSIS RF-performancerequirements, takes advantage of modern technologies like high-performance wideband digital-to-analogconversion and CMOS technology scaling. This application note describes the concept and advantages ofa digital quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator that uses the direct-RF architecture to enablea cable access platform (CCAP) system.
Abstract: Quartz crystals are mechanical resonators with piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectricproperties (electric potential across the crystal is proportional to mechanical deformation) allow their use
