光伏發(fā)電是未來新能源發(fā)電重要方向之一，而光伏變流器是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心。介紹一種基于微網(wǎng)理念的光伏變流器設(shè)計(jì)。以該變流器為核心的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可以看做一個(gè)小型的微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能根據(jù)外部電網(wǎng)情況，工作于并網(wǎng)模式和離網(wǎng)模式。介紹了該系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)組成部件的設(shè)計(jì)以及變流器主電路部分器件的選型。最后，由實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行測(cè)試。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及控制方案的可行性，也說明了系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法的正確性。 Abstract: Solar Photovoltaic generation is an important direction of new energy power generation in the future，while photovoltaic converter is the core of photovoltaic generation system. This paper deals with a study on photovoltaic inverter based on the concept of microgrid. This paper describes a system whose core component is the photovoltaic inverter，can work on grid-connected mode or run independently according to the external situation. The paper simply describes the main components of the system. At last，the prototype was produced and tested. Test result has proved feasibility of circuit topology structure and controlling scheme and shown correctness of system parameters.Key words: PV inverter； microgrid； off-grid； storage BATtery
標(biāo)簽： 光伏 變流器 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：Shaikh
When a system designer specifies a nonisolated dc/dc powermodule, considering the needed input voltage range isequally as important as considering the required performanceattributes and features. Generally, nonisolated moduleshave either a narrow or a wide input voltage range. Narrowinputmodules typically have a nominal input voltage of3.3, 5, or 12 V. For systems that operate from a tightlyregulated input bus—such as those that do not use BATterybackup—a narrow-input module is often adequate sincethe input remains fairly stable.Offering greater flexibility, wide-input modules operatewithin a range of 7 to 36 V, which includes the popular12- or 24-V industrial bus. This enables a single module tobe used for generating multiple voltages. These modulesare ideal for industrial controls, HVAC systems, vehicles,medical instrumentation, and other applications that usea loosely regulated distribution bus. In addition, systemspowered by a rectifier/BATtery charger with lead-acidBATtery backup almost always require wide-input modules.System designers who choose power supplies may wantto take a close look at the latest generation of wide-inputdc/dc modules.
標(biāo)簽： Wide-input modules offer dc
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：dragonhaixm
為了有效地提升鉛酸蓄電池的使用壽命，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)充電過程的監(jiān)控，設(shè)計(jì)出一種用單片機(jī)控制的36 V鉛酸蓄電池充電電源。本電路采用反激式拓?fù)洌B續(xù)電流工作模式，電源管理IC設(shè)計(jì)在電源的副邊，由ELAN公司的EM78P258N單片機(jī)模擬，是用可編程器件模擬電源管理IC，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能電源低成本化的一次成功嘗試，通過對(duì)單片機(jī)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了充電電源的狀態(tài)顯示、充電時(shí)間控制、報(bào)警、過溫保護(hù)、過壓保護(hù)、過流保護(hù)等功能。本充電器真正的實(shí)現(xiàn)了鉛酸蓄電池的三段式充電過程，其最高輸出功率可達(dá)90 W，效率約85%，成本不到20元，具有很高的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 Abstract: In order to extend the life of lead-acid BATtery efficiently and supervise the charging process meanwhile， a 36V lead-acid BATtery charge powe supply controlled by microcontroller is designed. The charger is flyback switching power supply and works in CCM mode. A EM78P258N microcontroller made by ELAN microelectronics corporation is used as power management IC which is designed at the secondary circuit. The project is a successful attempt to low-cost intelligent power used microcontroller simulating power management IC. The charger also has the functions of the status reveal， charge time control， alarming， thermal protect， current limit and overvoltage protect by the software design. The circuit actually implements the three-step charge process， whose power is up to 90W and whose efficiency can get 85%. The net cost of this charger is less than 20 RMB， so that the charger is of powerful market competitiveness.
標(biāo)簽： 單片機(jī)控制 充電電源 鉛酸蓄電池
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-16
上傳用戶：cepsypeng
在汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)時(shí)，若發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)后起動(dòng)機(jī)不能及時(shí)斷電，將會(huì)燒毀起動(dòng)機(jī)或損壞飛輪齒環(huán)；若變速器不在空檔位置起動(dòng)，則起動(dòng)機(jī)的瞬間動(dòng)力將使汽車位移，還可能引起交通事故和人身安全。為此介紹一種利用NXP P89LPC901單片機(jī)控制的汽車起動(dòng)保護(hù)控制器，通過檢測(cè)汽車起動(dòng)開關(guān)、變速箱檔位、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過程檢測(cè)和保護(hù)。起動(dòng)保護(hù)控制器在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中通過采用逐個(gè)關(guān)閉打開負(fù)載系統(tǒng)，解決汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過程中因起動(dòng)電流大而對(duì)汽車電源的沖擊影響,延長了電瓶壽命。 Abstract: When the automotive engine is started, the engine start motor and flywheel gear may be damaged， even traffic accidents and personal safeties may be caused by wrong operation or other factors.In order to ensure the automotive engine can be started normally and safely,it is necessary that the protecting measures and methods are considered in the automotive electrical control system.This paper introduces a kind of the automotive engine starting protect controller based on NXP P89LPC901 MCU.The controller can protect the engine starting process by detecting the starter key switch,transmission stall and engine speed.Through the use of close and open load system,the controller can solve the impact on automotive power because of the high-current load in the process of the automobile engine starting, and extend BATtery life.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：mikesering
氣壓是氣象監(jiān)測(cè)中的一個(gè)重要參數(shù)，提出了一種氣壓數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊設(shè)計(jì)方案，該模塊采用數(shù)字氣壓傳感器MS5534B、MSP430單片機(jī)MSP430F2272和帶實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘（RTC）64 KB鐵電存儲(chǔ)器。通過低功耗軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法以微安級(jí)整體平均功耗實(shí)現(xiàn)了氣壓數(shù)據(jù)的采集和存儲(chǔ)，適合電池供電的連續(xù)高精度氣壓采集應(yīng)用。給出了模塊的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)以及MS5534B的性能指標(biāo)和使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 Abstract: Air pressure is an important parameter in weather monitor.This paper futs forward a new design scheme of low power-air pressure data acquisition module.The module uses a digital output barometer sensor MS5534B,MSP430 microcontroller MSP430F2272 and integrated RTC 64KB FRAM,precision air pressure measurement and storage chip.Another point of this module is low power consumption, so it is well suited for BATtery powered air pressure data acquisition applications. At the same time,the software and hardware deign of module is presented,And the speciaties and use notices of MS5534B are given.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-27
上傳用戶：drink！
介紹了電力操作電源與智能電池巡檢系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，給出了一種基于超低功耗單片機(jī)MSP430 F149針對(duì)中小型變電站自動(dòng)化運(yùn)行的專用設(shè)備的基本設(shè)計(jì)原理及實(shí)現(xiàn)方法，最后給出了詳細(xì)硬件構(gòu)成和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)。該系統(tǒng)能滿足中小型變電站安全、可靠、自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的要求，并通過與上位機(jī)的串行通信實(shí)現(xiàn)變電站的遠(yuǎn)程管理和控制。 Abstract: The characters of the intelligent BATtery data logging system of the electric operation power are introduced.The basic design principle and the implemented methods of the special equipment which only designed for the middle or small transformer substation based on MSP430F149 are prescribed. Finally, the hardware block diagram and the software flow chart are also given. The function that the system finally needs to realize can basically meet with the middle or small transformer substation’s satisfy, reliably,and automatic running.And it can also realize the transformer substation long-distance management and control by serial communicating with the host computer.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-25
上傳用戶：黃華強(qiáng)
MC9S08QG8英文資料 The MC9S08QG8 is the newest member of the Freescale 8-bit family of highly integratedmicrocontrollers, based on the high-performance yet low power HCS08 core. The MC9S08QG8is an excellent solution for power-sensitive applications with extended BATtery life and maximum performance down to 1.8VDC.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：dxxx
P C B 可測(cè)性設(shè)計(jì)布線規(guī)則之建議― ― 從源頭改善可測(cè)率PCB 設(shè)計(jì)除需考慮功能性與安全性等要求外，亦需考慮可生產(chǎn)與可測(cè)試。這里提供可測(cè)性設(shè)計(jì)建議供設(shè)計(jì)布線工程師參考。1. 每一個(gè)銅箔電路支點(diǎn)，至少需要一個(gè)可測(cè)試點(diǎn)。如無對(duì)應(yīng)的測(cè)試點(diǎn)，將可導(dǎo)致與之相關(guān)的開短路不可檢出，并且與之相連的零件會(huì)因無測(cè)試點(diǎn)而不可測(cè)。2. 雙面治具會(huì)增加制作成本，且上針板的測(cè)試針定位準(zhǔn)確度差。所以Layout 時(shí)應(yīng)通過Via Hole 盡可能將測(cè)試點(diǎn)放置于同一面。這樣就只要做單面治具即可。3. 測(cè)試選點(diǎn)優(yōu)先級(jí)：A.測(cè)墊(Test Pad) B.通孔(Through Hole) C.零件腳(Component Lead) D.貫穿孔(Via Hole)(未Mask)。而對(duì)于零件腳，應(yīng)以AI 零件腳及其它較細(xì)較短腳為優(yōu)先，較粗或較長的引腳接觸性誤判多。4. PCB 厚度至少要62mil(1.35mm)，厚度少于此值之PCB 容易板彎變形，影響測(cè)點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)度，制作治具需特殊處理。5. 避免將測(cè)點(diǎn)置于SMT 之PAD 上，因SMT 零件會(huì)偏移，故不可靠，且易傷及零件。6. 避免使用過長零件腳(>170mil(4.3mm))或過大的孔(直徑>1.5mm)為測(cè)點(diǎn)。7. 對(duì)于電池(BATtery)最好預(yù)留Jumper，在ICT 測(cè)試時(shí)能有效隔離電池的影響。8. 定位孔要求：(a) 定位孔(Tooling Hole)直徑最好為125mil(3.175mm)及其以上。(b) 每一片PCB 須有2 個(gè)定位孔和一個(gè)防呆孔(也可說成定位孔,用以預(yù)防將PCB反放而導(dǎo)致機(jī)器壓破板)，且孔內(nèi)不能沾錫。(c) 選擇以對(duì)角線，距離最遠(yuǎn)之2 孔為定位孔。(d) 各定位孔(含防呆孔)不應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)成中心對(duì)稱,即PCB 旋轉(zhuǎn)180 度角后仍能放入PCB,這樣,作業(yè)員易于反放而致機(jī)器壓破板)9. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)要求：(e) 兩測(cè)點(diǎn)或測(cè)點(diǎn)與預(yù)鉆孔之中心距不得小于50mil(1.27mm)，否則有一測(cè)點(diǎn)無法植針。以大于100mil(2.54mm)為佳，其次是75mil(1.905mm)。(f) 測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)離其附近零件(位于同一面者)至少100mil，如為高于3mm 零件，則應(yīng)至少間距120mil，方便治具制作。(g) 測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)平均分布于PCB 表面，避免局部密度過高，影響治具測(cè)試時(shí)測(cè)試針壓力平衡。(h) 測(cè)點(diǎn)直徑最好能不小于35mil(0.9mm)，如在上針板，則最好不小于40mil(1.00mm)，圓形、正方形均可。小于0.030”(30mil)之測(cè)點(diǎn)需額外加工，以導(dǎo)正目標(biāo)。(i) 測(cè)點(diǎn)的Pad 及Via 不應(yīng)有防焊漆(Solder Mask)。(j) 測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)離板邊或折邊至少100mil。(k) 錫點(diǎn)被實(shí)踐證實(shí)是最好的測(cè)試探針接觸點(diǎn)。因?yàn)殄a的氧化物較輕且容易刺穿。以錫點(diǎn)作測(cè)試點(diǎn)，因接觸不良導(dǎo)致誤判的機(jī)會(huì)極少且可延長探針使用壽命。錫點(diǎn)尤其以PCB 光板制作時(shí)的噴錫點(diǎn)最佳。PCB 裸銅測(cè)點(diǎn)，高溫后已氧化，且其硬度高，所以探針接觸電阻變化而致測(cè)試誤判率很高。如果裸銅測(cè)點(diǎn)在SMT 時(shí)加上錫膏再經(jīng)回流焊固化為錫點(diǎn)，雖可大幅改善，但因助焊劑或吃錫不完全的緣故，仍會(huì)出現(xiàn)較多的接觸誤判。
標(biāo)簽： PCB 可測(cè)性設(shè)計(jì) 布線規(guī)則
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-14
上傳用戶：cylnpy
Abstract: When people want portable music, they usually rely on BATtery-powered audio devices. With a bit of engineeringblood (or curiosity) running in your veins, it is not difficult to build a wireless Bluetooth® stereo audio system that can becontrolled with any device that has a Bluetooth connection and a music player
標(biāo)簽： 無線藍(lán)牙 立體聲 音頻系統(tǒng)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：天空說我在
Abstract: Most hand-held products lack accurate BATtery-charge monitors ("fuel gauges") because of the misconception that an accurate fuel gauge is difficult to achieve. This article debunks the myths and discusses how to accurately monitor charge at all temperatures, charge and discharge rates, and aging conditions. 無線通信和數(shù)據(jù)在新一代手機(jī)和PDA中的融合為再一次的生產(chǎn)力飛躍創(chuàng)造了條件。。隨之而來的將是經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長和全新的工作方式，在便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域，PC筆記本曾經(jīng)扮演了類似的開拓者角角。
標(biāo)簽： 錯(cuò)誤 電量計(jì) 無線 手機(jī)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶：erkuizhang
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