Abstract: We don't expect manufacturers to produce clothes that in one size that fits everyone. In thesame way, one ESD component can't solve all issues—each application has different ESD requirements.Knowing that "one size fits all" cannot apply to power design, the power designer, or the engineering"super hero," must consider all the potential disruptions to a steady flow of power and thenvarious waysto mitigate them. This tutorial describes voltage- and current-limiting devices and risetime reducers tomanage the power. It also points to free and low-cost software tools to help design lowpass filters, checkcapacitor self-resonance, and simulate CIRCUITs.
Abstract: Some power architectures require the power supply sequencer (or system manager) to controldownstream power MOSFETs to allow power to flow into branch CIRCUITs. This application note explains howsystem power sequencing and level shifting can be accomplished using a low-voltage system manager
This document presents design techniques and reference CIRCUITs that power Virtex™-4 FXRocketIO™ multi-gigabit transceivers (MGTs) operating at data rates below 3.125 Gb/s.When using multiple transceivers, it is sometimes preferred to power them from a switchingpower supply. However, switching power supplies generate noise that affects transceiver
What would happen if someone connected 24V to your12V CIRCUITs? If the power and ground lines were inadvertentlyreversed, would the CIRCUITs survive? Does yourapplication reside in a harsh environment, where the inputsupply can ring very high or even below ground? Evenif these events are unlikely, it only takes one to destroya circuit board.
The voltage range of Linear Technology’s PowerPath® CIRCUITscan be easily extended with just a few components, thusallowing them to meet the needs of virtually all applications.This application note presents solutions for CIRCUITs thatmust withstand large negative voltages, a reverse adapterinput for example, and CIRCUITs that must withstand largepositive inputs, such as automotive load-dump.
Occasionally, we are tasked with designing circuitry for aspecific purpose. The request may have customer originsor it may be an in-house requirement. Alternately, a circuitmay be developed because its possibility is simply tooattractive to ignore1. Over time, these CIRCUITs accumulate,encompassing a wide and useful body of proven capabilities.They also represent substantial effort. These considerationsmake publication an almost obligatory propositionand, as such, a group of CIRCUITs is presented here. This isnot the first time we have displayed such wares and, giventhe encouraging reader response, it will not be the last2.Eighteen CIRCUITs are included in this latest effort, roughlyarranged in the categories given in this publication’s title.They appear at the next paragraph.
This collection of CIRCUITs was worked out between June1991 and July of 1994. Most were designed at customerrequest or are derivatives of such efforts. All representsubstantial effort and, as such, are disseminated here forwider study and (hopefully) use.1 The examples areroughly arranged in categories including power conversion,transducer signal conditioning, amplifiers and signalgenerators. As always, reader comment and questionsconcerning variants of the CIRCUITs shown may be addresseddirectly to the author.
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworking switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get working. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear CIRCUITs to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at ground, andthe ground terminal shows volts of noise.
Switching regulators are of universal interest. LinearTechnology has made a major effort to address this topic.A catalog of CIRCUITs has been compiled so that a designengineer can swiftly determine which converter type isbest. This catalog serves as a visual index to be browsedthrough for a specific or general interest.
In predominantly digital systems it is often necessaryto include linear circuit functions. Traditionally, separatepower supplies have been used to run the linear components(see Box, “Linear Power Supplies—Past, Present,and Future”).
