This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect
layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10-
layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended
for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI
Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between
a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in
card attached through a connector.
This document is intended to COVER all major components of the physical interconnect including
design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card
edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help
ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and
loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect.
However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily
guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations.
Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to
ensure compliance to all applicable specifications.
The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of
general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout
constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while
the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
The AN10 begins with a survey of methods for measuring op amp settling time. This commentary develops into circuits for measuring settling time to 0.0005%. Construction details and results are presented. Appended sections COVER oscilloscope overload limitations and amplifier frequency compensation.
This book is about using Python to get jobs done on Windows.This intended to be a practical book focused on tasks. It doesn t aim to teach Python programming, although we do provide a brief tutorial. Instead, it aims to COVER:How Python works on Windows The key integration technologies supported by Python on Windows, such as the Win32 extensions, which let you call the Windows API, and the support for COM Examples in many topic areas showing what Python can do and how to put it to work.
In this book, we aim to give you an introduction to a wide variety of topics important to you as a developer using UNIX. The word Beginning in the title refers more to the content than to your skill level. We ve structured the book to help you learn more about what UNIX has to offer, however much experience you have already. UNIX programming is a large field and we aim to COVER enough about a wide range of topics to give you a good beginning in each subject.
The Linux kernel is one of the most interesting yet least understood open-source projects. It is also a basis for developing new kernel code. That is why Sams is excited to bring you the latest Linux kernel development information from a Novell insider in the second edition of Linux Kernel Development. This authoritative, practical guide will help you better understand the Linux kernel through updated COVERage of all the major subsystems, new features associated with Linux 2.6 kernel and insider information on not-yet-released developments. You ll be able to take an in-depth look at Linux kernel from both a theoretical and an applied perspective as you COVER a wide range of topics, including algorithms, system call interface, paging strategies and kernel synchronization. Get the top information right from the source in Linux Kernel Development.
This a set of notes I put together for my Computer Architecture
class in 1990. Students had a project in which they had to model a
microprocessor architecture of their choice. They used these notes to
learn VHDL. The notes COVER the VHDL-87 version of the language.
Not all of the language is COVERed (about 95％).
You may use this booklet for your own personal learning purposes.
You may not use it for profit (eg, selling copies of it, using it in a
course for which people pay, etc). If you want to make use of it
beyond these conditions, contact me and we can come to some
arrangement.
modelsim_se_tutorThis is a set of notes I put together for my Computer Architecture
class in 1990. Students had a project in which they had to model a
microprocessor architecture of their choice. They used these notes to
learn VHDL. The notes COVER the VHDL-87 version of the language.
Not all of the language is COVERed (about 95％).
This is a set of notes I put together for my Computer Architecture
class in 1990. Students had a project in which they had to model a
microprocessor architecture of their choice. They used these notes to
learn VHDL. The notes COVER the VHDL-87 version of the language.
Not all of the language is COVERed (about 95％).
The Linux kernel is one of the most interesting yet least understood open-source projects. It is also a basis for developing new kernel code. That is why Sams is excited to bring you the latest Linux kernel development information from a Novell insider in the second edition of Linux Kernel Development. This authoritative, practical guide will help you better understand the Linux kernel through updated COVERage of all the major subsystems, new features associated with Linux 2.6 kernel and insider information on not-yet-released developments. You ll be able to take an in-depth look at Linux kernel from both a theoretical and an applied perspective as you COVER a wide range of topics, including algorithms, system call interface, paging strategies and kernel synchronization. Get the top information right from the source in Linux Kernel Development.
