A modern power grid needs to become smarter in order to provide an affordable,
reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. For these reasons, a smart grid is
necessary to manage and control the increasingly Complex future grid. Certain
smart grid elements including renewable energy, storage, microgrid, consumer
choice, and smart appliances like electric vehicles increase uncertainty in both
supply and demand of electric power.
n present power system, the engineers face variety of challenges in
planning, construction and operation. In some of the problems, the engineers need
to use managerial talents. In system design or upgrading the entire system into
automatic control instead of slow response of human operator, the engineers need
to exercise more technical knowledge and experience. It is principally the engi-
neer’s ability to achieve the success in all respect and provide the reliable and
uninterrupted service to the customers. This chapter covers some important areas
of the traditional power system that helps engineers to overcome the challenges. It
emphasizes the characteristics of the various components of a power system such
as generation, transmission, distribution, protection and SCADA system. During
normal operating conditions and disturbances, the acquired knowledge will pro-
vide the engineers the ability to analyse the performance of the Complex system
and execute future improvement
The electrical power grid is often referred to as one of the most Complex man-
made systems on Earth. Its importance to all aspects of our daily lives, economic
stability, and national security cannot be overstated, and the need for an updated,
secure, resilient, and smarter power grid infrastructure is increasingly recognized
and supported by policy makers and market forces.
This chapter surveys the high temperature and oxygen partial pressure
behavior of Complex oxide heterostructures as determined by in situ synchrotron
X-ray methods. We consider both growth and post-growth behavior, emphasizing
the observation of structural and interfacial defects relevant to the size-dependent
properties seen in these systems.
Modern power systems involve large amount of investment. An electric power
system comprises of generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy.
Growth of power systems has led to very Complex networks extended across large
areas. In such situations, the proper functioning of a modern power system is
heavily dependent upon the healthy operation of the transmission lines within it.
Transmission lines are used to transmit a huge amount of power over a long
distance. But as these lines are located in the open atmosphere, they are highly
affected by different types of abnormal conditions or faults.
MIT App Inventor is an innovative beginner’s introduction to programming and app
creation that transforms the Complex language of text-based coding into visual, drag-and-
drop building blocks. The simple graphical interface grants even an inexperienced novice
the ability to create a basic, fully functional app within an hour or less.
This book was written by Michael Margolis with Nick Weldin to help you explore the
amazing things you can do with Arduino.
Arduino is a family of microcontrollers (tiny computers) and a software creation envi-
ronment that makes it easy for you to create programs (called sketches) that can interact
with the physical world. Things you make with Arduino can sense and respond to
touch, sound, position, heat, and light. This type of technology, often referred to as
physical computing, is used in all kinds of things, from the iPhone to automobile elec-
tronics systems. Arduino makes it possible for anyone—even people with no program-
ming or electronics experience—to use this rich and Complex technology.
There exist two essentially different approaches to the study of dynamical systems, based on
the following distinction:
time-continuous nonlinear differential equations ? time-discrete maps
One approach starts from time-continuous differential equations and leads to time-discrete
maps, which are obtained from them by a suitable discretization of time. This path is
pursued, e.g., in the book by Strogatz [Str94]. 1 The other approach starts from the study of
time-discrete maps and then gradually builds up to time-continuous differential equations,
see, e.g., [Ott93, All97, Dev89, Has03, Rob95]. After a short motivation in terms of nonlinear
differential equations, for the rest of this course we shall follow the latter route to dynamical
systems theory. This allows a generally more simple way of introducing the important
concepts, which can usually be carried over to a more Complex and physically realistic
context.
Recent years have seen a rapid development of neural network control tech-
niques and their successful applications. Numerous simulation studies and
actual industrial implementations show that artificial neural network is a good
candidate for function approximation and control system design in solving the
control problems of Complex nonlinear systems in the presence of different kinds
of uncertainties. Many control approaches/methods, reporting inventions and
control applications within the fields of adaptive control, neural control and
fuzzy systems, have been published in various books, journals and conference
proceedings.
Forewords to books can play a variety of roles. One is to describe in
more general terms what the book is about. That’s not really neces-
sary, since Jim Sterne is a master at communicating Complex topics in
relatively simple terms.
