Communication protocols – for short protocols – form the basis for the opera- tion of computer networks and telecommunication systems. They are behavior conventions which describe how communication systems interact with each other in computer networks. Protocols define the temporal order of the interactions and the formats of the data units exchanged. Communication protocols comprise a wide range of different functions and mechanisms, such as the sending and receiv- ing of data units, their coding/decoding, error control mechanisms, timer control, flow control, and many others.
標簽： Engineering Protocol
上傳時間： 2020-05-31
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The need to develop reliable microelectronic devices capable of operating at high speeds with complex functionality requires a better understanding of the factors that govern the thermal performance of electronics. With an increased demand on system reliability and performance combined with miniaturization of the devices, thermal consideration has become a crucial factor in the design of elec- tronic packages, from chip to system levels.
標簽： Telecommunications Management Equipment Thermal of
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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An acronym for Multiple-In, Multiple-Out, MIMO communication sends the same data as several signals simultaneously through multiple antennas, while still utilizing a single radio channel. This is a form of antenna diversity, which uses multiple antennas to improve signal quality and strength of an RF link. The data is split into multiple data streams at the transmission point and recombined on the receive side by another MIMO radio configured with the same number of antennas. The receiver is designed to take into account the slight time difference between receptions of each signal, any additional noise or interference, and even lost signals.
標簽： Understanding_the_Basics_of_MIMO
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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Telecommunications is today widely understood to mean the electrical means of communicating over a distance. The first form of telecommunications was that of the Telegraph, which was invented quite independently in 1837 by two scientists, Wheatstone and Morse. Telegraphy was on a point-to-point unidirectional basis and relied on trained operators to interpret between the spoken or written word and the special signals sent over the telegraph wire. However, the use of telegraphy did greatly enhance the operations of railways and, of course, the dissemination of news and personal messages between towns.
標簽： Telecommunications Understanding Networks
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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The focus of this book is on developing computational algorithms for transmit wave- form design in active sensing applications, such as radar, sonar, communications and medical imaging. Waveforms are designed to achieve certain desired properties, which are divided into three categories corresponding to the three main parts in the book, namely good aperiodic correlations, good periodic correlations and beampattern match- ing.
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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Static electricity is the most ancient form of electricity known to humans. More than 2000 years ago, the Greeks recognized the attraction between certain mate- rials when they were rubbed together; indeed, the word electricity comes from the Greek elektron, which means amber. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, several key experiments were conducted to understand and measure static electricity. But the discovery of electromagnetism and its formidable break- through has rapidly outgrown interest in static electricity. Even today, where the industrial applications of static electricity are not insignificant, they cannot compare with those of electromagnetism and electrodynamics.
標簽： Understand Discharge Electro Static
上傳時間： 2020-06-05
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) events can have serious detrimental effects on the manufacture and performance of microelectronic devices, the systems that contain them, and the manufacturing facilities used to produce them. Submicron device technologies, high system operating speeds, and factory automation are making ESD control programs a critical factor in the quality and reliability of ESD-sensitive products.
標簽： Management Program ESD
上傳時間： 2020-06-05
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ESD is a crucial factor for integrated circuits and influences their quality and reliability. Today increasingly sensitive processes with deep sub micron structures are developed. The integration of more and more functionality on a single chip and saving of chip area is required. Integrated circuits become more susceptible to ESD/EOS related damages. However, the requirements on ESD robustness especially for automotive applications are increasing. ESD failures are very often the reason for redesigns. Much research has been conducted by semiconductor manufacturers on ESD robust design.
標簽： Guidelines Design Basic ESD
上傳時間： 2020-06-05
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In the present era, low observability is one of the critical requirements in aerospace sector, especially related to defense. The stealth technology essentially relates to shaping and usage of radar absorbing materials (RAM) or radar absorbing struc- tures (RAS). The performance of such radar cross section (RCS) reduction tech- niques is limited by the bandwidth constraints, payload requirements, and other structural issues. Moreover, with advancement of materials science, the structure geometry no longer remains key decisive factor toward stealth.
標簽： Fundamentals Design Radar of EM
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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Electricity has been chosen as the most convenient and useful form of energy, due to its ease of transportation over large distances and easy conversion to other energy forms. The biggest inconvenience with electricity is that it cannot be stored and must be utilized at the moment of generation. The storage of a large amount of electrical energy is usually connected with its conversion to other types of energy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of such processes. The aim of the power system, often treated as the biggest and the most complex machine ever built, is to deliver uninterruptible electric energy of demanded quality parameters to consumers.
標簽： Electromagnetic Interference Conducted
上傳時間： 2020-06-07
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