With the rapid growth in the number of wireless applications, services and devices,
using a single wireless technology such as a second generation (2G) and third gener-
ation (3G) wireless system would not be efficient to deliver high speed data rate and
quality-of-service (QoS) support to mobile users in a seamless way. The next genera-
tion wireless systems (also sometimes referred to as Fourth generation (4G) systems)
are being devised with the vision of heterogeneity in which a mobile user/device will
be able to connect to multiple wireless networks (e.g., WLAN, cellular, WMAN)
simultaneously.
This book is intended to help electric power and telephone company
personnel and individuals interested in properly protecting critical tele-
communications circuits and equipment located in high voltage (HV)
environments and to improve service reliability while maintaining safe
working conditions. Critical telecommunications circuits are often
located in HV environments such as electric utility power plants,
substations, cell sites on power towers, and standalone telecommuni-
cations facilities such as 911 call centers and mountaintop telecom-
munications sites.
OSCILLATORS are key building blocks in integrated transceivers. In wired and
wireless communication terminals, the receiver front-end selects, amplifies and
converts the desired high-frequency signal to baseband. At baseband the signal can
then be converted into the digital domain for further data processing and demodula-
tion. The transmitter front-end converts an analog baseband signal to a suitable high-
frequency signal that can be transmitted over the wired or wireless channel.
Rapid growth of wireless communication services in recent decades has created
a huge demand of radio spectrum. Spectrum scarcity and utilization inefficiency
limit the development of wireless networks. Cognitive radio is a promising tech-
nology that allows secondary users to reuse the underutilized licensed spectrum of
primary users. The major challenge for spectrum sharing is to achieve high spectrum
efficiency while making non-intrusive access to the licensed bands. This requires in-
formation of availability and quality of channel resources at secondary transmitters,
however, is difficult to be obtained perfectly in practice.
Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication systems aim to allow peak data
rates in the range of 1 Gbps for nomadic access and 100 Mbps for vehicular mobil-
ity. 4G aims to support current and emergent multimedia services, such as mobile
TV, social networks and gaming, high-definition television and video telecon-
ference, multimedia messaging service, using the All-over IP concept and with
improved quality of service.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) events can have serious detrimental
effects on the manufacture and performance of microelectronic devices,
the systems that contain them, and the manufacturing facilities used to
produce them. Submicron device technologies, high system operating
speeds, and factory automation are making ESD control programs a
critical factor in the quality and reliability of ESD-sensitive products.
The first edition as well as its forerunner of Kuffel and Abdullah published in
1970 and their translations into Japanese and Chinese languages have enjoyed
wide international acceptance as basic textbooks in teaching senior under-
graduate and postgraduate courses in High-Voltage Engineering. Both texts
have also been extensively used by practising engineers engaged in the design
and operation of high-voltage equipment. Over the years the authors have
received numerous comments from the text’s users with helpful suggestions
for improvements. These have been incorporated in the present edition. Major
revisions and expansion of several chapters have been made to update the
continued progress and developments in high-voltage engineering over the
past two decades.
Power Electronics is one of modern and key technologies in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering for green power, sustainable energy systems, and smart
grids. Especially, the transformation of existing electric power systems into smart
grids is currently a global trend. The gradual increase of distributed generators in
smart grids indicates a wide and important role for power electronic converters in
the electric power system, also with the increased use of power electronics devices
(nonlinear loads) and motor loadings, low cost, low-loss and high-performance
shunt current quality compensators are highly demanded by power customers to
solve current quality problems caused by those loadings.
本文首次設(shè)計(jì)并驗(yàn)證了基于macom三合一芯片設(shè)計(jì)的光模塊電路,該電路旨在提供一種滿足SFF-8472中規(guī)定的數(shù)字診斷功能的低成本SFP+模塊。電路采用激光器驅(qū)動(dòng)、限幅放大器、控制器以及時(shí)鐘恢復(fù)單元集成的單芯片,在保證高精度數(shù)字診斷功能基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了低成本高可靠的特點(diǎn)。該電路在光接收接口組件與激光器驅(qū)動(dòng)和限幅放大器單元的限幅放大器部分之間接入濾波器來(lái)提高模塊的靈敏度及信號(hào)質(zhì)量。在控制器單元的數(shù)字電位器的引腳上采用外加電阻的方式避免出現(xiàn)上電不發(fā)光的故障問(wèn)題。該研究結(jié)果為下一代SFP-DD光模塊設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)工作,奠定了一定的理論與實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。This paper designs and validates the optical module circuit based on the MACOM Trinity chip for the first time.This circuit aims to provide a low-cost SFP module which meets the digital diagnosis function specified in SFF-8472.The circuit uses a single chip integrated with laser driver,limiting amplifier,controller and clock recovery unit.On the basis of ensuring high precision digital diagnosis function,it achieves the characteristics of low cost and high reliability.The circuit connects a filter between the optical receiving interface module and the limiting amplifier part of the laser driver and limiting amplifier unit to improve the sensitivity and signal quality of the module.The pin of the digital potentiometer in the controller unit is equipped with an external resistance to avoid the problem of power failure.The research results lay a theoretical and practical foundation for optical module design in high-speed data center.
