In a recent discussion with a system designer, the requirementfor his power supply was to regulate 1.5Vand deliver up to 40A of current to a Load that consistedof four FPGAs. This is up to 60W of power that must bedelivered in a small area with the lowest height profi lepossible to allow a steady fl ow of air for cooling. Thepower supply had to be surface mountable and operateat high enough effi ciency to minimize heat dissipation.He also demanded the simplest possible solution so histime could be dedicated to the more complex tasks. Asidefrom precise electrical performance, this solution had toremovethe heat generated during DC to DC conversionquickly so that the circuit and the ICs in the vicinity do notoverheat. Such a solution requires an innovative designto meet these criteria:
The latest generation of Texas Instruments (TI) boardmountedpower modules utilizes a pin interconnect technologythat improves surface-mount manufacturability.These modules are produced as a double-sided surfacemount(DSSMT) subassembly, yielding a case-less constructionwith subcomponents located on both sides of theprinted circuit board (PCB). Products produced in theDSSMT outline use the latest high-efficiency topologiesand magnetic-component packaging. This providescustomers with a high-efficiency, ready-to-use switchingpower module in a compact, space-saving package. Bothnonisolated point-of-Load (POL) switching regulators andthe isolated dc/dc converter modules are being producedin the DSSMT outline.TI’s plug-in power product line offers power modules inboth through-hole and surface-mount packages. The surfacemountmodules produced in the DSSMT outline use asolid copper interconnect with an integral solder ball fortheir
Features: High efficiency, high reliability, low cost AC input range selected by switch 100% full Load burn-in test Protections: Short circuit / Over Load Fixed switching frequency at 25KHz Cooling by free air convection 1 year warranty Dimensions: 199*98*38mm (L*W*H)
在汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)時(shí)，若發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)后起動(dòng)機(jī)不能及時(shí)斷電，將會(huì)燒毀起動(dòng)機(jī)或損壞飛輪齒環(huán)；若變速器不在空檔位置起動(dòng)，則起動(dòng)機(jī)的瞬間動(dòng)力將使汽車(chē)位移，還可能引起交通事故和人身安全。為此介紹一種利用NXP P89LPC901單片機(jī)控制的汽車(chē)起動(dòng)保護(hù)控制器，通過(guò)檢測(cè)汽車(chē)起動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)、變速箱檔位、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程檢測(cè)和保護(hù)。起動(dòng)保護(hù)控制器在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程中通過(guò)采用逐個(gè)關(guān)閉打開(kāi)負(fù)載系統(tǒng)，解決汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)程中因起動(dòng)電流大而對(duì)汽車(chē)電源的沖擊影響,延長(zhǎng)了電瓶壽命。
Abstract:
When the automotive engine is started, the engine start motor and flywheel gear may be damaged， even traffic accidents and personal safeties may be caused by wrong operation or other factors.In order to ensure the automotive engine can be started normally and safely,it is necessary that the protecting measures and methods are considered in the automotive electrical control system.This paper introduces a kind of the automotive engine starting protect controller based on NXP P89LPC901 MCU.The controller can protect the engine starting process by detecting the starter key switch,transmission stall and engine speed.Through the use of close and open Load system,the controller can solve the impact on automotive power because of the high-current Load in the process of the automobile engine starting, and extend battery life.
介紹一種無(wú)極可調(diào)交流電子負(fù)載設(shè)計(jì)的新方法，由ATmega48單片機(jī)輸出PWM波，通過(guò)上位機(jī)設(shè)定不同的占空比控制場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管的通斷時(shí)間，即改變流過(guò)場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管的平均電流。根據(jù)電流的大小，可以等效為相應(yīng)的負(fù)載，并將采集的電流值顯示在上位機(jī)上。文中對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的軟﹑硬件設(shè)計(jì)思路作了詳細(xì)的分析，闡述了其設(shè)計(jì)原理。
Abstract:
A new type electronic Load is introduced.Due to ATmega48 microcomputer output PWM wave.The different duty is set ratio through PC to control FET turn-on time.We can equivalent homologous Load according the current and display the current at PC.The hardware and software designing are analysed in detail. The principle is explained and the output is also given.
The XL6003 regulator is fixed frequency PWM Boost (step-up) DC/DC converter, capable ofdriving 1050mA Load current with excellent line and Load regulation. The regulator is simple to use because it includes internal frequency compensation and a fixed-frequency oscillator so that it requires a minimum number of external components to work. The XL6003 could directly drive 5~10 3W LED units at VIN=12V.
The C500 microcontroller family usually provides only one on-chip synchronous serialchannel (SSC). If a second SSC is required, an emulation of the missing interface mayhelp to avoid an external hardware solution with additional electronic components.The solution presented in this paper and in the attached source files emulates the mostimportant SSC functions by using optimized SW routines with a performance up to 25KBaud in Slave Mode with half duplex transmission and an overhead less than 60% atSAB C513 with 12 MHz. Due to the implementation in C this performance is not the limitof the chip. A pure implementation in assembler will result in a strong reduction of theCPU Load and therefore increase the maximum speed of the interface. In addition,microcontrollers like the SAB C505 will speed up the interface by a factor of two becauseof an optimized architecture compared with the SAB C513.Moreover, this solution lays stress on using as few on-chip hardware resources aspossible. A more excessive consumption of those resources will result in a highermaximum speed of the emulated interface.Due to the restricted performance of an 8 bit microcontroller a pin compatible solution isprovided only; the internal register based programming interface is replaced by a set ofsubroutine calls.The attached source files also contain a test shell, which demonstrates how to exchangeinformation between an on-chip HW-SSC and the emulated SW-SSC via 5 external wiresin different operation modes. It is based on the SAB C513 (Siemens 8 bit microcontroller).A table with Load measurements is presented to give an indication for the fraction of CPUperformance required by software for emulating the SSC.
Load initial_track s; % y:initial data,s:data with noiseT=0.1;
% yp denotes the sample value of position% yv denotes the sample value of velocity% Y=[yp(n);yv(n)];% error deviation caused by the random acceleration % known dataY=zeros(2,200);Y0=[0;1];Y(:,1)=Y0;A=[1 T 0 1]; B=[1/2*(T)^2 T]';H=[1 0];
C0=[0 0 0 1];C=[C0 zeros(2,2*199)];Q=(0.25)^2; R=(0.25)^2;
