An acronym for Multiple-In, Multiple-Out, MIMO communication sends the same data as several signals
simultaneously through Multiple antennas, while still utilizing a single radio channel. This is a form of
antenna diversity, which uses Multiple antennas to improve signal quality and strength of an RF link. The
data is split into Multiple data streams at the transmission point and recombined on the receive side by
another MIMO radio configured with the same number of antennas. The receiver is designed to take
into account the slight time difference between receptions of each signal, any additional noise or
interference, and even lost signals.
Once upon a time, cellular wireless networks provided two basic services: voice
telephony and low-rate text messaging. Users in the network were separated
by orthogonal Multiple access schemes, and cells by generous frequency reuse
patterns [1]. Since then, the proliferation of wireless services, fierce competition,
andthe emergenceof new service classes such as wireless data and multimediahave
resulted in an ever increasing pressure on network operators to use resources in a
moreefficient manner.In the contextof wireless networks,two of the most common
resources are power and spectrum—and, due to regulations, these resources are
typically scarce. Hence, in contrast to wired networks, overprovisioning is not
feasible in wireless networks.
The advent of modern wireless devices, such as smart phones and MID 1 terminals,
has revolutionized the way people think of personal connectivity. Such devices
encompass Multiple applications ranging from voice and video to high-speed data
transfer via wireless networks. The voracious appetite of twenty-first century users
for supporting more wireless applications on a single device is ever increasing.
These devices employ Multiple radios and modems that cover Multiple frequency
bands and Multiple standards with a manifold of wireless applications often running
simultaneously.
This book describes a unifying framework to networked teleoperation systems
cutting across Multiple research fields including networked control system for linear
and nonlinear forms, bilateral teleoperation, trilateral teleoperation, multilateral
teleoperation, cooperative teleoperation, and some teleoperation application
examples. Networked control has been deeply studied at the intersection of systems
& control and robotics for a long time, and many scholarly books on the topic have
been already published. Nevertheless, the approach remains active even in several
new research fields, such as bilateral teleoperation, single master and Multiple
slaves, trilateral teleoperation, and multilateral teleoperation
ABSTRACTThe flyback power stage is a popular choice for single and Multiple output dc-to-dc converters at powerlevels of 150 Watts or less. Without the output inductor required in buck derived topologies, such as theforward or push-pull converter, the component count and cost are reduced. This application note will reviewthe design procedure for the power stage and control electronics of a flyback converter. In these isolatedconverters, the error signal from the secondary still needs to cross the isolation boundary to achieveregulation. By using the UC3965 Precision Reference with Low Offset Error Amplifier on the secondaryside to drive an optocoupler and the UCC3809 Economy Primary Side Controller on the primary side, asimple and low cost 50 Watt isolated power supply is realized.
General Design Specification:1. AC Input Range 180-264Vac, Isolated ac-dc offline, 12LEDS,Output 700mA2. Intelligent wall dimmer detections(Leading-edge dimmer , Trailing-edgedimmer , No-dimmer)3. Multiple dimming control scheme4. Wide dimming range from 1% up to 100%5. No visible flicker6. Resonant control to achieve high efficiency7. High Power Factor, 0.9 without dimmer8. Temperature degrade control to adjust the LED9. Primary-only Sensing eliminates opto-isolator feedback and simplifies design
0引言當今國際上有影響的現場總線標準很多，眾多的現場總線標準給控制系統的集成帶來不便，使得各廠商生產的現場總線產品難以集成在一起，實現互可操作。在現場總線難以統一的情況下，以太網在工業自動化和過程控制領域獲得了迅速增長。當前，不少廠商都為其生產的PLC及其遠程1/0提供與以太網相連的接口和功能，提供把PLC和以太網相結合的產品，將基于TCP/IP協議開發的以太網與PLC控制器相結合，就可以構筑全分散、全開放的工業控制系統。1局域網技術與以太網局域網分布距離短，具有短小靈活和結構規整的特點，容易形成標準，因此局域網技術是計算機網絡技術中最為標準化的一部分。國際電子電工工程師協會IEEE在70年代就制定了3個局域網標準IEEE802.3（CSMA/CD）.IEEE802.4< 牌總S）.ПEEE802.5（令牌）.UkAtIEEE802.3（CS-MA/CD）的一個典型產品，即一般把符合IEEE802.3的特定實現稱為以太網。其中，CSMA/CD是Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Colli-sion Detection的縮寫，含有兩方面的內容：載波偵聽（CSMA）和沖突檢測（CD），CSMA/CD訪問控制方式主要用于總線形和樹形網絡拓撲結構，基帶傳輸系統。信息傳輸是以“包”為單位，簡稱信包。
