One of the fi rst lessons in a basic electronics coursecovers the symbols for resistors, capacitors, inductors,voltage sources and current sources. Althougheach symbol represents a functional component of areal-world circuit, only some of the symbols have directphysical counterparts. For instance, the three discretepassive devices—resistors, capacitors, inductors—canbe picked off a shelf and placed on a real board muchas their symbolic analogs appear in a basic schematic.Likewise, while voltage sources have no direct 2-terminalanalog, a voltage source can be easily built with an offthe-shelf linear regulator.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-24
上傳用戶：simonpeng
What would happen if someone connected 24V to your12V circuits? If the power and ground lines were inadvertentlyreversed, would the circuits survive? Does yourapplication reside in a harsh environment, where the inputsupply can ring very high or even below ground? Evenif these events are unlikely, it only takes one to destroya circuit board.
標(biāo)簽： 敏感電路 保護(hù) 過(guò)壓 電源反接
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：jackandlee
Specifying the right reference and applying it correctly isa more difficult task than one might first surmise, consideringthat references are only 2- or 3-terminal devices.Although the word “accuracy” is most often spoken inreference to references, it is dangerous to use this wordtoo freely because it can mean different things to differentpeople. Even more perplexing is the fact that a referenceclassified as a dog in one application is a panacea inanother. This application note will familiarize the readerwith the various aspects of reference “accuracy” andpresent some tips on extracting maximum performancefrom any reference.
標(biāo)簽： 電壓基準(zhǔn)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：liuwei6419
Photomultipliers (PMT), avalanche photodiodes (APD),ultrasonic transducers, capacitance microphones, radiationdetectors and similar devices require high voltage,low current bias. Additionally, the high voltage must bepristinely free of noise; well under a millivolt is a commonrequirement with a few hundred microvolts sometimesnecessary. Normally, switching regulator confi gurationscannot achieve this performance level without employingspecial techniques. One aid to achieving low noise is thatload currents rarely exceed 5mA. This freedom permitsoutput fi ltering methods that are usually impractical
標(biāo)簽： DCDC 高電壓 低噪音 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-28
上傳用戶：lhw888
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworking switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get working. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear circuits to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at ground, andthe ground terminal shows volts of noise.
標(biāo)簽： Regulators Switching Poets for
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：奇奇奔奔
The LTM8020, LTM8021, LTM8022 and LTM8023 μModule®regulators are complete easy-to-use encapsulated stepdownDC/DC regulators intended to take the pain and aggravationout of implementing a switching power supplyonto a system board. With a μModule regulator, you onlyneed an input cap, output cap and one or two resistorsto complete the design. As one might imagine, this highlevel of integration greatly simplifi es the task of printedcircuit board design, reducing the effort to four categories:component footprint generation, component placement,routing the nets, and thermal vias.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-18
上傳用戶：laomv123
In August of 1992 LTC published Application Note 49, “Illumination Circuitry for Liquid Crystal Displays.” One notable aspect of this event is that it generated more response than all previous LTC application notes combined. This level of interest, along with significant performance advances since AN-49’s appearance, justifies further discussion of LCD backlighting circuitry.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：lanjisu111
For a variety of reasons, it is desirable to charge batteriesas rapidly as possible. At the same time, overchargingmust be limited to prolong battery life. Such limitation ofovercharging depends on factors such as the choice ofcharge termination technique and the use of multi-rate/multi-stage charging schemes. The majority of batterycharger ICs available today lock the user into one fixedcharging regimen, with at best a limited number ofcustomization options to suit a variety of application needsor battery types. The LTC®1325 addresses these shortcomingsby providing the user with all the functionalblocks needed to implement a simple but highly flexiblebattery charger (see Figure 1) which not only addressesthe issue of charging batteries but also those of batteryconditioning and capacity monitoring.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-19
上傳用戶：royzhangsz
為了改變目前電網(wǎng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)管理的變電巡檢、變電檢修試驗(yàn)、輸電線路巡檢檢修等管理系統(tǒng)各自獨(dú)立運(yùn)行，信息不能共享，功能、效率受限，建設(shè)和維護(hù)成本高的現(xiàn)狀，提出了采用B/S+C/S構(gòu)架模式，將各現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)管理模塊和生產(chǎn)MIS（管理系統(tǒng)）集成為一體的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，做到各子系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)MIS軟硬資源共享，做到同一數(shù)據(jù)唯一入口、一處錄入多處使用。各子系統(tǒng)設(shè)備人員等基礎(chǔ)信息來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)，各子系統(tǒng)又是生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)的作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)、缺陷信息的重要來(lái)源。經(jīng)過(guò)研究試用成功和推廣應(yīng)用，目前該系統(tǒng)已在江西電網(wǎng)220 kV及以上變電站全面應(yīng)用。 Abstract: In order to improve the status that the substation field inspection system， substation equipments maintenance and testing system， power-line inspection and maintenance system are running independent with each other. They can?蒺t share the resource information which accordingly constrains their functions and efficiency， and their construction and maintenance costs are high. This paper introduces a field standardized work management system based on B/S+C/S mode， integrating all field work management systems based on MIS and share the equipments and employee?蒺s data of MIS，the field work data of the sub systems are the source information of MIS， by which the same single data resouce with one-time input can be utilized in multiple places. After the research and testing， this system is triumphantly using in all 220kV and above substations in Jiangxi grid.
標(biāo)簽： 電網(wǎng) 信息化 管理系統(tǒng)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：han_zh
鎖定放大是微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)的重要手段。基于相關(guān)檢測(cè)理論，利用開(kāi)關(guān)電容的開(kāi)關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)鎖定放大器中乘法器的功能，提出開(kāi)關(guān)電容和積分器相結(jié)合以實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)檢測(cè)的方法，并設(shè)計(jì)出一種鎖定放大器。該鎖定放大器將微弱信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為與之相關(guān)的方波，通過(guò)后續(xù)電路得到正比于被測(cè)信號(hào)的直流電平，為后續(xù)采集處理提供方便。測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)表明鎖定放大器前級(jí)可將10-6 A的電流轉(zhuǎn)換為10-1 V的電壓，后級(jí)通過(guò)帶通濾波器級(jí)聯(lián)可將信號(hào)放大1×105倍。該方法在降低噪聲的同時(shí)，可對(duì)微弱信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大，線性度較高、穩(wěn)定性較好。 Abstract: Lock-in Amplifying（LIA）is one of important means for weak signal detection. Based on cross-correlation detection theory， switch in the swithched capacitor was used as multiplier of LIA， and a new method of correlation detection was proposed combining swithched capacitor with integrator. A kind of LIA was designed which can convert the weak signal to square-wave， then DC proportional to measured signal was obtained through follow-up conditioning circuit， providing convenience for signal acquisition and processing. The measured data shows that the electric current（10-6 A） can be changed into voltage（10-1 V） by LIA， and the signal is magnified 1×105 times by cascade band-pass filter. The noise is suppressed and the weak signal is amplified. It has the advantages of good linearity and stability.
標(biāo)簽： 開(kāi)關(guān)電容 鎖定放大器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-29
上傳用戶：黑漆漆
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