All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.
上傳時間： 2014-04-02
上傳用戶：han_zh
This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
上傳時間： 2013-11-05
上傳用戶：維子哥哥
很多不同的廠家生產各種型號的計算機，它們運行完全不同的操作系統，但TCP.IP協議族允許它們互相進行通信。這一點很讓人感到吃驚，因為它的作用已遠遠超出了起初的設想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美國政府資助的一個分組交換網絡研究項目，到9 0年代已發展成為計算機之間最常應用的組網形式。它是一個真正的開放系統，因為協議族的定義及其多種實現可以不用花錢或花很少的錢就可以公開地得到。它成為被稱作“全球互聯網”或“因特網(Internet)”的基礎，該廣域網（WA N）已包含超過1 0 0萬臺遍布世界各地的計算機。本章主要對T C P / I P協議族進行概述，其目的是為本書其余章節提供充分的背景知識。 TCP.IP協議 縮略語 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的確認標志 API (Application Programming Interface) 應用編程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析協議 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美國)國防部遠景研究規劃局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系統 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標準碼 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象語法記法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本編碼規則 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 邊界網關協議 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引導程序協議 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分組過濾器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 無類型域間選路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商業互聯網交換 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 無連接網絡協議 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循環冗余檢驗 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 壓縮的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 載波偵聽多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 數據電路端接設備 DDN (Defense Data Network) 國防數據網 DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片標志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態主機配置協議 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 數據鏈路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系統 DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服務訪問點 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 數字用戶線接入復用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列擴頻 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式時間服務 DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距離向量多播選路協議 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 歐洲I P主干網 EOL (End of Option List) 選項清單結束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部網關協議 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美國電子工業協會 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 幀檢驗序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纖分布式數據接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先進先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的結束標志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件傳送協議 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高級數據鏈路控制 HELLO 選路協議 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet體系結構委員會 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet號分配機構 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制報文協議 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域間選路協議 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) （美國）電氣與電子工程師協會 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互聯網試驗注釋 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指導小組 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程專門小組 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet組管理協議 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 內部網關協議 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet報文存取協議 IP (Internet Protocol) 網際協議 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究專門小組 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中間系統到中間系統協議 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序號 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標準化組織 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet協會 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域網 LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低帶寬X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 鏈路控制協議 LFN (Long Fat Net) 長肥網絡 LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后進先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 邏輯鏈路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 寬松的源站及記錄路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干網 MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息庫 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 軍用網 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t郵件擴充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 報文段最大生存時間 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大報文段長度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 報文傳送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大傳輸單元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 網絡控制協議 NFS (Network File System) 網絡文件系統 NIC (Network Information Center) 網絡信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 網絡接口栓（S u n公司的一個程序） NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 網絡新聞傳送協議 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 國家光學天文臺 NOP (No Operation) 無操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 國家科學基金網絡 NSI (NASA Science Internet) （美國）國家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 網絡時間協議 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 網絡虛擬終端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 開放軟件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 開放系統互連 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 開放最短通路優先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回繞的序號 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 協議數據單元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系統接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 點對點協議 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫標志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析協議 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文檔，其中的少部分成為標準文檔 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息協議 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 遠程過程調用 RR (Resource Record) 資源記錄 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的復位標志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重傳超時 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返時間 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有選擇的確認 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行線路I n t e r n e t協議 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息結構 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 簡單郵件傳送協議 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 簡單網絡管理協議 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服務訪問點 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 嚴格的源站及記錄路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口綜合癥 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序號標志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 傳輸控制協議 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 簡單文件傳送協議 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 運輸層接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存時間或壽命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更長地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 遠程終端協議 UA (User Agent) 用戶代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用戶數據報協議 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的緊急指針標志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 協調的統一時間 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的復制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 廣域網 WWW (World Wide Web) 萬維網 XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部數據表示 XID (transaction ID) 事務標識符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n運輸層接口
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：tdyoung
Then use Freescale’s InteractiveDevelopment Tool Ecosystem todesign a development processthat fulfills your specific needs.
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：朗朗乾坤
The C8051F020/1/2/3 devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs with 64 digital I/O pins (C8051F020/2) or 32 digital I/O pins (C8051F021/3). Highlighted features are listed below; refer to Table 1.1 for specific product feature selection.
上傳時間： 2013-11-08
上傳用戶：lwq11
Abstract: This application note illustrates the flexibility of the MAX7060 ASK/FSK transmitter. While the currently available evaluationkit (EV kit) has been optimized for the device's use in a specific frequency band (i.e., 288MHz to 390MHz), this document addresseshow the EV kit circuitry can be modified for improved operation at 433.92MHz, a frequency commonly used in Europe. Twoalternative match and filter configurations are presented: one for optimizing drain efficiency, the other for achieving higher transmitpower. Features and capabilities of earlier Maxim industrial, scientific, and medical radio-frequency (ISM-RF) transmitters areprovided, allowing comparison of the MAX7060 to its predecessors. Several design guidelines and cautions for using the MAX7060are discussed.
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：swaylong
基本的編輯工具(GENERAL EDITING FACILITIES) 對象放置(Object Placement) ISIS支持多種類型的對象，每一類型對象的具體作用和功能將在下一章給出。雖然類型不同，但放置對象的基本步驟都是一樣的。 放置對象的步驟如下(To place an object:) 1.根據對象的類別在工具箱選擇相應模式的圖標(mode icon)。 2. Select the sub-mode icon for the specific type of object. 2、根據對象的具體類型選擇子模式圖標(sub-mode icon)。 3、如果對象類型是元件、端點、管腳、圖形、符號或標記，從選擇器里(selector)選擇你想要的對象的名字。對于元件、端點、管腳和符號，可能首先需要從庫中調出。 4、如果對象是有方向的，將會在預覽窗口顯示出來，你可以通過點擊旋轉和鏡象圖標來調整對象的朝向。 5、最后，指向編輯窗口并點擊鼠標左鍵放置對象。對于不同的對象，確切的步驟可能略有不同，但你會發現和其它的圖形編輯軟件是類似的，而且很直觀。 選中對象(Tagging an Object) 用鼠標指向對象并點擊右鍵可以選中該對象。該操作選中對象并使其高亮顯示，然后可以進行編輯。
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：avensy
This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zoudejile
Today’s digital systems combine a myriad of chips with different voltage configurations.Designers must interface 2.5V processors with 3.3V memories—both RAM and ROM—as wellas 5V buses and multiple peripheral chips. Each chip has specific power supply needs. CPLDsare ideal for handling the multi-voltage interfacing, but do require forethought to ensure correctoperation.
上傳時間： 2013-11-10
上傳用戶：yy_cn
本文論述了狀態機的verilog編碼風格,以及不同編碼風格的優缺點，Steve Golson's 1994 paper, "State Machine Design Techniques for Verilog and VHDL" [1], is agreat paper on state machine design using Verilog, VHDL and Synopsys tools. Steve's paper alsooffers in-depth background concerning the origin of specific state machine types.This paper, "State Machine Coding Styles for Synthesis," details additional insights into statemachine design including coding style approaches and a few additional tricks.
標簽： Synthesis Machine Coding Styles
上傳時間： 2013-10-12
上傳用戶：sardinescn
