These are P-Channel enhancement mode silicon gate
power fi eld effect transistors. They are advanced power
MOSFETs designed, tested, and guaranteed to withstand a
specifi ed level of energy in the breakdown avalanche mode
of operation. All of these power MOSFETs are designed for
applications such as switching regulators, switching
converters, motor drivers, relay drivers and drivers for other
high-power switching devices. The high input impedance
allows these types to be operated directly from integrated
circuits.
observable distribution grid are investigated. A distribution
grid is observable if the state of the grid can be fully determined.
For the simulations, the modified 34-bus IEEE test feeder is used.
The measurements needed for the state estimation are generated
by the ladder iterative technique. Two methods for the state
estimation are analyzed: Weighted Least Squares and Extended
Kalman Filter. Both estimators try to find the most probable
state based on the available measurements. The result is that
the Kalman filter mostly needs less iterations and calculation
time. The disadvantage of the Kalman filter is that it needs some
foreknowlegde about the state.
