This application note provides a detailed description of the Spartan™-3 configurationarchitecture. It explains the composition of the bitstream file and how this bitstream isinterpreted by the configuration logic to program the part. Additionally, a methodology ispresented that will guide the user through the readback PROCESS. This information can be usedfor partial reconfiguration or partial readback.
標(biāo)簽： Spartan XAPP 452 架構(gòu)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-05
上傳用戶：透明的心情
The standard that governs the design of avioniccomponents and systems, DO-254, is one of the mostpoorly understood but widely applicable standardsin the avionic industry. While information on thegeneral aspects of the standard is easy to obtain, thedetails of exactly how to implement the standard aresketchy. And once an entity develops a PROCESS thatachieves compliance, the details of how compliancewas achieved become part of the intellectualproperty of that entity. This white paper focuses onthe details of developing a DO-254 compliantPROCESS for the design of FPGAs.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：q123321
Xilinx Next Generation 28 nm FPGA Technology Overview Xilinx has chosen 28 nm high-κ metal gate (HKMG) highperformance,low-power PROCESS technology and combined it with a new unified ASMBL™ architecture to create a new generation of FPGAs that offer lower power and higher performance. These devices enable unprecedented levels of integration and bandwidth and provide system architects and designers a fully programmable alternative to ASSPs and ASICs.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-28
上傳用戶：zhang97080564
FSM 分兩大類：米里型和摩爾型。 組成要素有輸入(包括復(fù)位)，狀態(tài)(包括當(dāng)前狀態(tài)的操作)，狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移條件，狀態(tài)的輸出條件。 設(shè)計(jì)FSM 的方法和技巧多種多樣，但是總結(jié)起來(lái)有兩大類：第一種，將狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移和狀態(tài)的操作和判斷等寫到一個(gè)模塊(PROCESS、block)中。另一種是將狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移單獨(dú)寫成一個(gè)模塊，將狀態(tài)的操作和判斷等寫到另一個(gè)模塊中(在Verilog 代碼中，相當(dāng)于使用兩個(gè)“always” block)。其中較好的方式是后者。其原因 如下： 首先FSM 和其他設(shè)計(jì)一樣，最好使用同步時(shí)序方式設(shè)計(jì)，好處不再累述。而狀態(tài)機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)后，狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移是用寄存器實(shí)現(xiàn)的，是同步時(shí)序部分。狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)移條件的判斷是通過(guò)組合邏輯判斷實(shí)現(xiàn)的，之所以第二種比第一種編碼方式合理，就在于第二種編碼將同步時(shí)序和組合邏輯分別放到不同的程序塊(PROCESS，block) 中實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣做的好處不僅僅是便于閱讀、理解、維護(hù)，更重要的是利于綜合器優(yōu)化代碼，利于用戶添加合適的時(shí)序約束條件，利于布局布線器實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)。顯式的 FSM 描述方法可以描述任意的FSM(參考Verilog 第四版)P181 有限狀態(tài)機(jī)的說(shuō)明。兩個(gè) always 模塊。其中一個(gè)是時(shí)序模塊，一個(gè)為組合邏輯。時(shí)序模塊設(shè)計(jì)與書上完全一致，表示狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移，可分為同步與異步復(fù)位。
標(biāo)簽： 狀態(tài)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：yupw24
在現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)中，電話語(yǔ)音的頻帶被限制在300 Hz～4 kHz的范圍內(nèi)，帶來(lái)了語(yǔ)音可懂度和自然度的降低。為了在不增加額外成本的前提下提高語(yǔ)音的可懂度和自然度，進(jìn)行了電話語(yǔ)音頻帶擴(kuò)展的研究。提出了一種改進(jìn)的基于碼本映射的語(yǔ)音帶寬擴(kuò)展算法：在碼本映射的過(guò)程中，使用加權(quán)系數(shù)來(lái)得到映射碼本。客觀測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語(yǔ)音的譜失真度比用一般的碼本映射降低至少2%。主觀測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語(yǔ)音具有更好的可懂度和自然度。 Abstract: In modern communication systems， the bandwidth of telephone speech is limited from 300Hz to 4 kHz， which reduces the intelligibility and naturalness of speech. Telephone speech bandwidth extension is researched to get wideband speech and to improve its intelligibility and naturalness， without increasing extra costs. This paper put forward an improved algorithm of speech bandwidth extension based on codebook mapping. In the PROCESS of codebook mapping， weighted coefficients were used to get mapping codebook. Objective tests show that spectral distortion of wideband speech obtained by this algorithm reduces at least 2%， comparing to conditional codebook mapping. Subjective tests show that the wideband speech obtained by this algorithm has better intelligibility and naturalness.
標(biāo)簽： 映射 帶寬 擴(kuò)展 語(yǔ)音
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-29
上傳用戶：15501536189
本文主要通過(guò)介紹PLC通訊的意義和三菱FX系列PLC的四種通訊方式，并重點(diǎn)介紹FX系列PLC與計(jì)算機(jī)無(wú)協(xié)議通訊，主要從無(wú)協(xié)議通訊的硬件、配線、數(shù)據(jù)寄存器設(shè)置、PLC與計(jì)算機(jī)無(wú)協(xié)議通訊的指令用法、PLC程序編寫和計(jì)算機(jī)VB程序的編寫來(lái)說(shuō)明無(wú)協(xié)議通訊的過(guò)程和一般方法。 My dissertation introduces the significance of PLC communications and the four means of communication of Mitsubishi FX’s PLC, And highlights the no protocol communications of FX series PLC and computer, no protocol communications hardware, wiring, Register data set, and the usage of command about no protocol communications, How to write PLC program and computer VB program to illustrate the PROCESS of no protocol communications and general method.
標(biāo)簽： PLC 三菱FX系列 計(jì)算機(jī) 協(xié)議
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-11-29
上傳用戶：Jerry_Chow
Abstract: The PROCESS of designing a radio system can be complex and often involves many project tradeoffs. Witha little insight, balancing these various characteristics can make the job of designing a radio system easier. Thistutorial explores these tradeoffs and provides details to consider for various radio applications. With a focus on theindustrial, scientific, medical (ISM) bands, the subjects of frequency selection, one-way versus two-way systems,modulation techniques, cost, antenna options, power-supply influences, effects on range, and protocol selectionare explored.
標(biāo)簽： 無(wú)線
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-13
上傳用戶：eastgan
通過(guò)比較各種隔離數(shù)字通信的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用范圍，指出塑料光纖在隔離數(shù)字通信中的優(yōu)勢(shì)。使用已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的TOSLINK接口，有利于節(jié)省硬件開(kāi)發(fā)成本和簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)難度。給出了塑料光纖的硬件驅(qū)動(dòng)電路，說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的注意事項(xiàng)，對(duì)光收發(fā)模塊的電壓特性和頻率特性進(jìn)行全面試驗(yàn)，并給出SPI口使用塑料光纖隔離通信的典型應(yīng)用電路圖。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該設(shè)計(jì)可為電力現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、電力電子及儀器儀表的設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。 Abstract: y comparing characteristics and applications area of various isolated digital communications， this article indicates advantages of plastic optical fiber in isolated digital communications. Using the standardized TOSLINK interface， it helps to control costs and difficulty in hardware development and design. Then it gives the hardware driver circuit of plastic optical fiber module， explains the noticed details in design PROCESS， gives results on the basis of the optical transceiver module voltage characteristics and frequency characteristics tests. Finally，it gives typical application circuit of the SPI communication port by using plastic optical fiber isolation .The results show that this design can be referenced for the power field， power electronics and instrumentation design.
標(biāo)簽： 塑料光纖 高壓隔離 通信 接口設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-10
上傳用戶：gundan
提出了一種以ARM微處理器為控制核心的遠(yuǎn)程無(wú)線視頻監(jiān)控終端的設(shè)計(jì)方案，其監(jiān)控終端的硬件設(shè)計(jì)包括視頻采集處理、中央管理控制、無(wú)線傳輸3個(gè)模塊。并給出了監(jiān)控終端的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)和開(kāi)發(fā)模式的系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)代碼、嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)移植以及驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和應(yīng)用程序。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，該監(jiān)控終端設(shè)計(jì)方案合理、有效，基本滿足監(jiān)控需求。 Abstract: A remote wireless video monitoring terminal design， which uses ARM microPROCESSor as its core control， is proposed in this paper.The hardware design of monitoring terminal system is composed of the video acquisition and PROCESSing module， the central management and control module， wireless transmission module.Meanwhile the monitoring terminal-s software development platform and development patterns are designed. Also the design of the system-s start codes， embedded Linux system-s transplantation PROCESS， driver and the corresponding applications are given. The results showed that the monitoring terminal design is reasonable， effective， basically meet monitoring requirements.
標(biāo)簽： ARM 遠(yuǎn)程無(wú)線 視頻監(jiān)控 終端設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：wanqunsheng
Aspen Plus介紹 (物性數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)) · Aspen Plus ---生產(chǎn)裝置設(shè)計(jì)、穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬和優(yōu)化的大型通用流程模擬系統(tǒng) · Aspen Plus是大型通用流程模擬系統(tǒng)，源于美國(guó)能源部七十年代后期在麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)組織的會(huì) 戰(zhàn)，開(kāi)發(fā)新型第三代流程模擬軟件。該項(xiàng)目稱為“過(guò)程工程的先進(jìn)系統(tǒng)”(Advanced System for PROCESS Engineering，簡(jiǎn)稱ASPEN),并于1981年底完成。1982年為了將其商品化，成立了AspenTech公司，并稱之為Aspen Plus。該軟件經(jīng)過(guò)20多年來(lái)不斷地改進(jìn)、擴(kuò)充和提高，已先后推出了十多個(gè)版本，成為舉世公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大型流程模擬軟件，應(yīng)用案例數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)。全球各大化工、石化、煉油等過(guò)程工業(yè)制造企業(yè)及著名的工程公司都是Aspen Plus的用戶。 它以嚴(yán)格的機(jī)理模型和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)贏得廣大用戶的信賴，它具有以下特性： 1. ASPEN PLUS有一個(gè)公認(rèn)的跟蹤記錄，在一個(gè)工藝過(guò)程的制造的整個(gè)生命周期中提供巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，制造生命周期包括從研究與開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)過(guò)工程到生產(chǎn)。 2. ASPEN PLUS使用最新的軟件工程技術(shù)通過(guò)它的Microsoft Windows圖形界面和交互式客戶-服務(wù)器模擬結(jié)構(gòu)使得工程生產(chǎn)力最大。 3. ASPEN PLUS擁有精確模擬范圍廣泛的實(shí)際應(yīng)用所需的工程能力， 這些實(shí)際應(yīng)用包括從煉油到非理想化學(xué)系統(tǒng)到含電解質(zhì)和固體的工藝過(guò)程。 4. ASPEN PLUS是AspenTech的集成聰明制造系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的一個(gè)核心部分， 該技術(shù)能在你公司的整個(gè)過(guò)程工程基本設(shè)施范圍內(nèi)捕獲過(guò)程專業(yè)知識(shí)并充分利用。 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，ASPEN PLUS可以幫助工程師解決快速閃蒸計(jì)算、設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新的工藝過(guò)程、查找一個(gè)原油加工裝置的故障或者優(yōu)化一個(gè)乙烯全裝置的操作等工程和操作的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-16
上傳用戶：我干你啊
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