The Reactor design pattern handles service requests that are delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. Each service in an application may consist of serveral methods and is represented by a separate event handler that is responsible for dispatching service-specific requests.
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Power conversion by virtue of its basic role produces harmonics due to theslicing of either voltages or currents. To a large extent the pollution in theutility supply and the deterioration of the power quality has been generatedor created by non-linear converters. It is therefore ironic that power convertersshould now be used to clean up the pollution that they helped to create inthe first place.In a utility system, it is desirable to prevent harmonic currents (which resultin EMI and resonance problems) and limit reactive power flows (whichresult in transmission losses).Traditionally, shunt passive filters, comprised of tuned LC elements andcapacitor banks, were used to filter the harmonics and to compensate forreactive current due to non-linear loads. However, in practical applicationsthese methods have many disadvantages.
Construction Strategy of ESD Protection CircuitAbstract： The principles used to construct ESD protection on circuits and the basic conceptions of ESD protection design are presented.Key words：ESD protection/On circuit, ESD design window, ESD current path1 引言靜電放電（ESD，Electrostatic Discharge）給電子器件環(huán)境會(huì)帶來(lái)破壞性的后果。它是造成集成電路失效的主要原因之一。隨著集成電路工藝不斷發(fā)展，互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體（CMOS，Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor）的特征尺寸不斷縮小，金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體(MOS, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)的柵氧厚度越來(lái)越薄，MOS 管能承受的電流和電壓也越來(lái)越小，因此要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化電路的抗ESD 性能，需要從全芯片ESD 保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)進(jìn)行考慮。
Once relegated to the hinterlands of low cost indicatorlights, the LED is again in the spotlight of the lightingworld. LED lighting is now ubiquitous, from car headlightsto USB-powered lava lamps. Car headlights exemplifyapplications that capitalize on the LED’s clear advantages—unwavering high quality light output, tough-assteelrobustness, inherent high effi ciency—while a USBlava lamp exemplifi es applications where only LEDs work.Despite these clear advantages, their requirement forregulated voltage and current make LED driver circuitsmore complex than the venerable light bulb, but some newdevices are closing the gap. For instance, the LTM®8040μModule™ LED driver integrates all the driver circuitryinto a single package, allowing designers to refocus theirtime and effort on the details of lighting design criticalto a product’s success.
Abstract: As electronic systems take over many of the mechanical functions in a car—ranging from engine timing to steering andbraking—there is a growing concern about fault tolerance. There should not be a single point of failure that would prevent a car fromat least "limping" off the road or making it to the nearest service station. Redundant systems, watchdog timers, and other controlcircuits are used to reroute signals and perform other functions that ensure that a vehicle can safely make it off the road when afailure occurs.
