PCB 被動組件的隱藏特性解析 傳統(tǒng)上，EMC一直被視為「黑色魔術（black magic）」。其實，EMC是可以藉由數學公式來理解的。不過，縱使有數學分析方法可以利用，但那些數學方程式對實際的EMC電路設計而言，仍然太過復雜了。幸運的是，在大多數的實務工作中，工程師并不需要完全理解那些復雜的數學公式和存在于EMC規(guī)范中的學理依據，只要藉由簡單的數學模型，就能夠明白要如何達到EMC的要求。本文藉由簡單的數學公式和電磁理論，來說明在印刷電路板（PCB）上被動組件（passivecomponent）的隱藏行為和特性，這些都是工程師想讓所設計的電子產品通過EMC標準時，事先所必須具備的基本知識。導線和PCB走線導線（wire）、走線（trace）、固定架……等看似不起眼的組件，卻經常成為射頻能量的最佳發(fā)射器（亦即，EMI的來源）。每一種組件都具有電感，這包含硅芯片的焊線（bond wire）、以及電阻、電容、電感的接腳。每根導線或走線都包含有隱藏的寄生電容和電感。這些寄生性組件會影響導線的阻抗大小，而且對頻率很敏感。依據LC 的值（決定自共振頻率）和PCB走線的長度，在某組件和PCB走線之間，可以產生自共振（self-resonance），因此，形成一根有效率的輻射天線。在低頻時，導線大致上只具有電阻的特性。但在高頻時，導線就具有電感的特性。因為變成高頻后，會造成阻抗大小的變化，進而改變導線或PCB 走線與接地之間的EMC 設計，這時必需使用接地面（ground plane）和接地網格（ground grid）。導線和PCB 走線的最主要差別只在于，導線是圓形的，走線是長方形的。導線或走線的阻抗包含電阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL，在高頻時，此阻抗定義為Z = R + j XL j2πfL，沒有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。頻率高于100 kHz以上時，感抗大于電阻，此時導線或走線不再是低電阻的連接線，而是電感。一般而言，在音頻以上工作的導線或走線應該視為電感，不能再看成電阻，而且可以是射頻天線。
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：時代將軍
Abstract: There are differences between the operation of low-frequency AC transformers and electronic transformersthat supply current to MR16 lamps, and there are also differences in the current draw for MR16 halogen lamps andMR16 LED lamps. These contrasts typically prevent an MR16 LED lamp from operating with most electronictransformers. This article explains how a high-brightness (HB) LED driver optimized for MR16 lamps will allow LEDlamps to be compatible with most electronic transformers.A similar version of this article appeared on Display Plus, July 7, 2012 and in German in Elektronikpraxis, October 1,2012.
上傳時間： 2013-10-14
上傳用戶：playboys0
Abstract: We don't expect manufacturers to produce clothes that in one size that fits everyone. In thesame way, one ESD component can't solve all issues—each application has different ESD requirements.Knowing that "one size fits all" cannot apply to power design, the power designer, or the engineering"super hero," must consider all the potential disruptions to a steady flow of power and thenvarious waysto mitigate them. This tutorial describes voltage- and current-limiting devices and risetime reducers tomanage the power. It also points to free and low-cost software tools to help design lowpass filters, checkcapacitor self-resonance, and simulate circuits.
上傳時間： 2013-11-18
上傳用戶：zhouxuepeng1
Automobile electronic systems place high demands ontoday’s DC/DC converters. They must be able to preciselyregulate an output voltage in the face of wide temperatureand input voltage ranges—including load dump transientsin excess of 60V and cold crank voltage drops to 4V. Theconverter must also be able to minimize battery drain inalways-on systems by maintaining high effi ciency over abroad load current range. Similar demands are made bymany 48V nonisolated telecom applications, 40V FireWireperipherals and battery-powered applications with autoplug adaptors. The LT3437’s best in classperformancemeets all of these requirements in a small thermallyenhanced 3mm × 3mm DFN package.
標簽： 378 DN 低靜態(tài)電流 單片式
上傳時間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：stampede
Avalanche photo diode (APD) receiver modules arewidely used in fi ber optic communication systems. AnAPD module contains the APD and a signal conditioningamplifi er, but is not completely self contained. It stillrequires signifi cant support circuitry including a highvoltage, low noise power supply and a precision currentmonitor to indicate the signal strength. The challenge issqueezing this support circuitry into applications withlimited board space. The LT®3482 addresses this challengeby integrating a monolithic DC/DC step-up converter andan accurate current monitor. The LT3482 can supportup to a 90V APD bias voltage, and the current monitorprovides better than 10% accuracy over four decades ofdynamic range (250nA to 2.5mA).
上傳時間： 2014-01-18
上傳用戶：wenyuoo
Photomultipliers (PMT), avalanche photodiodes (APD),ultrasonic transducers, capacitance microphones, radiationdetectors and similar devices require high voltage,low current bias. Additionally, the high voltage must bepristinely free of noise; well under a millivolt is a commonrequirement with a few hundred microvolts sometimesnecessary. Normally, switching regulator confi gurationscannot achieve this performance level without employingspecial techniques. One aid to achieving low noise is thatload currents rarely exceed 5mA. This freedom permitsoutput fi ltering methods that are usually impractical
上傳時間： 2013-10-28
上傳用戶：lhw888
基于CC1110單片機公交報站系統(tǒng)主要由CC1110單片機最小系統(tǒng)和WT588D語音模塊組成，提出了如何實現語音報站，通過無線通信SimpliciTI網絡協(xié)議實現公交站臺的自動播報和OLCD液晶顯示公交運行的各類信息。結果表明，該公交報站系統(tǒng)報站準確率99%，價格比同類產品下降了300%以上，系統(tǒng)組成結構簡單，提高了系統(tǒng)的抗干擾性和穩(wěn)定性，也便于攜帶。 Abstract: The bus stop announcement system based on CC1110 MCU is composed of CC1110 MCU minimum system and WT588D voice module. How to achieve the voice announcing is put forward.The bus-stop will announce automatically and display on the OLCD by means of wireless communication SimpliciTI network protocol. As a result， the bus station stop announcement systems reported 99% accuracy rate， price of similar products declined by 300% or more， system of simple structure， improve the anti-jamming and stability of the power system， it is also portable.
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：baby25825
The CAT93C46 is a 1 kb Serial EEPROM memory device which isconfigured as either 64 registers of 16 bits (ORG pin at VCC) or 128registers of 8 bits (ORG pin at GND). Each register can be written (orread) serially by using the DI (or DO) pin. The CAT93C46 features aself−timed internal write with auto−clear. On−chip Power−On Resetcircuit protects the internal logic against powering up in the wrongstate.
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：ynzfm
Bootloader是微處理器上電時運行的第一段代碼，它可以通過通信接口實現對微處理器內部應用程序的更新升級，為網絡化嵌入式產品的應用程序升級帶來極大的便利。由于目前沒有統(tǒng)一嵌入式系統(tǒng)的Bootloader。基于NEC 78K0系列單片機自編程原理，設計出一個適用于78K0/Fx2系列單片機的Bootloader，并能夠通過單片機串口在線升級應用程序。 Abstract: Bootloader is the first piece of code executed after microprocessor startup. It makes the embedded product’s firmware update conveniently through communication interface. However， no unified bootloader is available for all kinds of microprocessor products. Based on the principle of self-programming NEC 78K0s’ series， a useful Bootloader which is suitable for 78K0/Fx2s’ series MCU is designed，the design can update the application through serial ports.
標簽： Bootloader MCU 自編程
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：fang2010
The CAT28LV64 is a low voltage, low power, CMOS Parallel EEPROM organized as 8K x 8−bits. It requires a simple interface for in−system programming. On−chip address and data latches, self−timed write cycle with auto−clear and VCC power up/down write protection eliminate additional timing and protection hardware. DATA Polling and Toggle status bit signal the start and end of the self−timed write cycle. Additionally, the CAT28LV64 features hardware and software write protection.
上傳時間： 2013-11-16
上傳用戶：浩子GG
