The Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM) provides a well-known benchmark of software process maturity. The CMM has become a popular vehicle for assessing the maturity of an organization’s software process in many domains. This white paper describes how the Rational Unified Process can support an organization that is trying to achieve CMM Level-2, Repeatable, and Level-3, Defined, software process maturity levels.
標(biāo)簽： Engineering Capability well-known Institute
上傳時(shí)間： 2017-02-27
上傳用戶(hù)：zhichenglu
Software Radio (SR) is one of the most important emerging technologies for the future of wireless communication services. By moving radio functionality into software, it promises to give flexible radio systems that are multi-service, multi- standard, multi-band, reconfigurable and reprogrammable by software. Today’s radios are matched to a particular class of signals that are well defined bytheircarrierfrequencies,modulationformatsandbandwidths.Aradiotransmitter today can only up convert signals with well-defined bandwidths over defined center frequencies, while, on the other side of the communication chain, a radio receiver can only down convert well-defined signal bandwidths, transmitted over specified carrier frequencies.
上傳時(shí)間： 2020-06-01
上傳用戶(hù)：shancjb
軟件無(wú)線電（Software Defined Radio）是無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)收發(fā)信機(jī)的發(fā)展方向，它使得通信系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)者可以將主要精力集中到收發(fā)機(jī)的數(shù)字處理上，而不必過(guò)多關(guān)注電路實(shí)現(xiàn)。在進(jìn)行數(shù)字處理時(shí)，常用的方案包括現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列（FPGA）、數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器（DSP）和專(zhuān)用集成電路（ASIC）。FPGA以其相對(duì)較低的功耗和相對(duì)較低廉的成本，成為許多通信系統(tǒng)的首先方案。正是在這樣的前提下，本課題結(jié)合軟件無(wú)線電技術(shù)，研究并實(shí)現(xiàn)基于FPGA的數(shù)字收發(fā)信機(jī)。 @@ 本論文主要研究了發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和相關(guān)的硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。首先，從理論上對(duì)發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究，找到收發(fā)信機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。其次，在理論上有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，以FPGA為手段，將反饋控制算法、反饋補(bǔ)償算法和前饋補(bǔ)償算法落實(shí)到硬件電路上。同步一直是數(shù)字通信系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，它也是本文的研究重點(diǎn)。本文在研究了已有各種同步方法的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的同步方法和相應(yīng)的接收機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)，并以硬件電路將其實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后，針對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的硬件系統(tǒng)，本文還進(jìn)行了充分的硬件系統(tǒng)測(cè)試。硬件測(cè)試的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案是可行的，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字中頻收發(fā)機(jī)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求。 @@ 本文中發(fā)射機(jī)系統(tǒng)是以Altera公司EP2C70F672C6為硬件平臺(tái)，接收機(jī)系統(tǒng)以Altera公司EP2S180F1020C3為硬件平臺(tái)。收發(fā)系統(tǒng)均是在Ouartus Ⅱ 8．0環(huán)境下，通過(guò)編寫(xiě)Verilog HDL代碼和調(diào)用Altera IP core加以實(shí)現(xiàn)。在將設(shè)計(jì)方案落實(shí)到硬件電路實(shí)現(xiàn)之前，各種算法均使用MATLAB進(jìn)行原理仿真，并在MATLAB仿真得到正確結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，使用Quartus Ⅱ 8．0中的功能仿真工具和時(shí)序仿真工具進(jìn)行了前仿真和后仿真。所有仿真結(jié)果無(wú)誤后，可下載至硬件平臺(tái)進(jìn)行調(diào)試，通過(guò)Quartus Ⅱ 8．0中集成的SignalTap邏輯分析儀，可以實(shí)時(shí)觀察電路中各點(diǎn)信號(hào)的變化情況，并結(jié)合示波器和頻譜儀，得到硬件測(cè)試結(jié)果。 @@關(guān)鍵詞：SDR；數(shù)字收發(fā)機(jī)；FPGA；載波同步；符號(hào)同步
標(biāo)簽： FPGA 數(shù)字中頻 收發(fā)信機(jī)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶(hù)：diaorunze
Fpga Implementation Of Digital Timing Recovery In Software Radio Receiver
標(biāo)簽： Implementation Recovery Receiver Software
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-09-05
上傳用戶(hù)：panpanpan
FPGA in the software radio
標(biāo)簽： software radio FPGA the
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-09-06
上傳用戶(hù)：lina2343
simulation software which after compile from microcontroller software
標(biāo)簽： software microcontroller simulation compile
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-09-22
上傳用戶(hù)：hulee
為解決傳統(tǒng)可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)視頻字符疊加器結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，可靠性差，成本高昂等問(wèn)題，在可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中采用視頻字符發(fā)生器芯片MAX7456。該芯片集成了所有用于產(chǎn)生用戶(hù)定義OSD，并將其插入視頻信號(hào)中所需的全部功能，僅需少量的外圍阻容元件即可正常工作。給出了以MAX7456為核心的可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)的軟、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)方案及設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例。該方案具有電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉、符合人體視覺(jué)習(xí)慣的特點(diǎn)。經(jīng)實(shí)際裝車(chē)測(cè)試，按該方案設(shè)計(jì)的可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)視場(chǎng)清晰、提示字符醒目、工作可靠，可有效降低駕駛員倒車(chē)時(shí)的工作強(qiáng)度、減少倒車(chē)事故的發(fā)生。 Abstract: A new video and text generation chip，MAX7456，was used in the design of video parking sensor in order to simplify system structure，improve reliability and reduce cost. This chip included all the necessary functions to generate user-defined OSDs and to add them into the video signals. It could be put into work with addition of just a small number of resistances and capacitors. This paper provided software and hardware implementation solutions and design example based on the chip. The system had the characteristics of simplicity in circuit structure，lower cost，and comfort for the nature of human vision. Loading road test demonstrates high video and text display quality and reliable performance，which makes the driver easy to see backward and reduces chance of accidents.
標(biāo)簽： 7456 MAX 可視倒車(chē) 中的應(yīng)用
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-10
上傳用戶(hù)：qiaoyue
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
標(biāo)簽： Signal Input Fall Rise
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶(hù)：copu
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.
標(biāo)簽： C16x 微控制器 輸入信號(hào) 時(shí)序圖
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-04-02
上傳用戶(hù)：han_zh
This application note demonstrates how to write an Inter Integrated Circuit bus driver (I2C) for the XA-S3 16-bitMicrocontroller from Philips Semiconductors.Not only the driver software is given. This note also contains a set of (example) interface routines and a smalldemo application program. All together it offers the user a quick start in writing a complete I2C system applicationwith the PXAS3x.The driver routines support interrupt driven single master transfers. Furthermore, the routines are suitable foruse in conjunction with real time operating systems.
標(biāo)簽： software driver XA-S I2C
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-02
上傳用戶(hù)：zw380105939
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