PLC 以 其 可靠性高、抗干擾能力強、配套齊全、功能完善、適應性強等特點，廣泛應用于各種控制領域。PLC作為通用工業控制計算機，是面向工礦企業的工控設備，使用梯形圖符號進行編程，與繼電器電路相當接近，被廣大工程技術人員接受。但是在實際應用中，如何編程能夠提高PLC程序運行速度是一個值得我們思考研究的問題。1 PLC工作原理PLC 與 計 算機的工作原理基本相同，即在系統程序的管理下，通過運行應用程序完成用戶任務。但兩者的工作方式有所不同。計算機一般采用等待命令的工作方式，而PLC在確定了工作任務并裝人了專用程序后成為一種專用機，它采用循環掃描工作方式，系統工作任務管理及應用程序執行都是用循環掃描方式完成的。PLC 有 兩 種基本的工作狀態，即運行(RUN)與停止(STOP)狀態。在這兩種狀態下，PLC的掃描過程及所要完成的任務是不盡相同的，如圖1所示。 PLC在RUN工作狀態時，執行一次掃描操作所的時間稱為掃描周期，其典型值通常為1一100nis，不同PLC廠家的產品則略有不同。掃描周期由內部處理時間、輸A/ 輸出處理執行時間、指令執行時間等三部分組成。通常在一個掃描過程中，執行指令的時間占了絕大部分，而執行指令的時間與用戶程序的長短有關。用戶 程 序 是根據控制要求由用戶編制，由許多條PLC指令所組成。不同的指令所對應的程序步不同，以三菱FX2N系列的PLC為例，PLC對每一個程序步操作處理時間為:基本指令占0.741s/步，功能指令占幾百微米/步。完成一個控制任務可以有多種編制程序的方法，因此，選擇合理、巧妙的編程方法既可以大大提高程序運行速度，又可以保證可靠性。 提高PLC程序運行速度的幾種編程方法2.1 用數據傳送給位元件組合的方法來控制輸出在 PL C應 用編程中，最后都會有一段輸出控制程序，一般都是用邏輯取及輸出指令來編寫，如圖2所示。在圖2所示的程序中，邏輯取的程序步為1，輸出的程序步為2，執行上述程序共需3個程序步。通常情況下，PLC要控制的輸出都不會是少量的，比如，有8個輸出，在條件滿足時要同時輸出。此時，執行圖2所示的程序共需17個程序步。若我們通過位元件的組合并采用數據傳送的方法來完成圖2所示的程序，就會大大減少程序步驟。在三 菱 PLC中，只處理ON/OFF狀態的元件(如X,Y,M和S)，稱為位元件。但將位元件組合起來也可以處理數據。位元件組合由Kn加首元件號來表示。位元件每4bit為一組組合成單元。如K YO中的n是組數，當n=1時，K,Yo 對應的是Y3一Yo。當n二2時，KZYo對應的是Y7一Yo。通過位元件組合，就可以用處理數據的方式來處理位元件，圖2程序所示的功能可用圖3所示的傳送數據的方式來完成。
上傳時間： 2013-11-11
上傳用戶：幾何公差
This application note describes how the existing dual-port block memories in the Spartan™-IIand Virtex™ families can be used as Quad-Port memories. This essentially involves a dataaccess time (halved) versus functionality (doubled) trade-off. The overall bandwidth of the blockmemory in terms of bits per second will remain the same.
上傳時間： 2013-11-08
上傳用戶：lou45566
This application note shows how to achieve low-cost, efficient serial configuration for Spartan FPGA designs. The approachrecommended here takes advantage of unused resources in a design, thereby reducing the cost, part count, memory size,and board space associated with the serial configuration circuitry. As a result, neither processor nor PROM needs to be fullydedicated to performing Spartan configuration.In particular, information is provided on how the idle processing time of an on-board controller can be used to loadconfiguration data from an off-board source. As a result, it is possible to upgrade a Spartan design in the field by sending thebitstream over a network.
上傳時間： 2014-08-16
上傳用戶：adada
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer operations. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be operational when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed operation. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download operations.The bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kbit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical bit rate of83 kbit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
上傳時間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：s藍莓汁
The LTC®3207/LTC3207-1 is a 600mA LED/Camera driverwhich illuminates 12 Universal LEDs (ULEDs) and onecamera fl ash LED. The ULEDs are considered universalbecause they may be individually turned on or off, setin general purpose output (GPO) mode, set to blink at aselected on-time and period, or gradate on and off at aselected gradation rate. This device also has an externalenable (ENU) pin that may be used to blink, gradate, orturn on/off the LEDs without using the I2C bus. This may beuseful if the microprocessor is in sleep or standby mode. Ifused properly, these features may save valuable memoryspace, programming time, and reduce the I2C traffi c.
上傳時間： 2014-01-04
上傳用戶：LANCE
本軟件是關于MAX338, MAX339的英文數據手冊：MAX338, MAX339 8通道/雙4通道、低泄漏、CMOS模擬多路復用器 The MAX338/MAX339 are monolithic, CMOS analog multiplexers (muxes). The 8-channel MAX338 is designed to connect one of eight inputs to a common output by control of a 3-bit binary address. The dual, 4-channel MAX339 is designed to connect one of four inputs to a common output by control of a 2-bit binary address. Both devices can be used as either a mux or a demux. On-resistance is 400Ω max, and the devices conduct current equally well in both directions. These muxes feature extremely low off leakages (less than 20pA at +25°C), and extremely low on-channel leakages (less than 50pA at +25°C). The new design offers guaranteed low charge injection (1.5pC typ) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection greater than 2000V, per method 3015.7. These improved muxes are pin-compatible upgrades for the industry-standard DG508A and DG509A. For similar Maxim devices with lower leakage and charge injection but higher on-resistance, see the MAX328 and MAX329.
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：18711024007
電子發燒友訊： 現場總線是指以工廠內的測量和控制機器間的數字通訊為主的網絡，也稱現場網絡。也就是將傳感器、各種操作終端和控制器間的通訊及控制器之間的通訊進行特化的網絡。原來這些機器間的主體配線是ON/OFF、接點信號和模擬信號，通過通訊的數字化，使時間分割、多重化、多點化成為可能，從而實現高性能化、高可靠化、保養簡便化、節省配線(配線的共享)。本文主要講述了現場總線在工業網絡中的應用;現場總線的類別;工業自動化現場總線的分析。 現場總線是允許將分布式控制、監測、檢測和管控的設備互連起來的通信系統。由于這項技術，傳感器、電磁閥、可編程控制器、電子驅動器和電腦等，便可以很容易地使用一個單一的且不依賴于任一設備制造商的低成本互連交換信息。 圖1 多種設備可以連接到現場總線進行數據交換
上傳時間： 2014-12-31
上傳用戶：gut1234567
This example shows how to update at regulate period the WWDG counter using theEarly Wakeup interrupt (EWI). The WWDG timeout is set to 262ms, refresh window set to 41h and the EWI isenabled. When the WWDG counter reaches 40h the EWI is generated and in the WWDGISR the counter is refreshed to prevent a WWDG reset and led connected to PC.07is toggled.The EXTI line9 is connected to PB.09 pin and configured to generate an interrupton falling edge.In the NVIC, EXTI line9 to 5 interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 0and the WWDG interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 1 (EXTI IT > WWDG IT). The EXTI Line9 will be used to simulate a software failure: once the EXTI line9event occurs (by pressing Key push-button on EVAL board) the correspondent interruptis served, in the ISR the led connected to PC.07 is turned off and the EXTI line9pending bit is not cleared. So the CPU will execute indefinitely EXTI line9 ISR andthe WWDG ISR will never be entered(WWDG counter not updated). As result, when theWWDG counter falls to 3Fh the WWDG reset occurs.If the EXTI line9 event don抰 occurs the WWDG counter is indefinitely refreshed inthe WWDG ISR which prevent from WWDG reset. If the WWDG reset is generated, after resuming from reset a led connected to PC.06is turned on. In this example the system is clocked by the HSE(8MHz).
上傳時間： 2013-11-11
上傳用戶：gundamwzc
This application note describes how the existing dual-port block memories in the Spartan™-IIand Virtex™ families can be used as Quad-Port memories. This essentially involves a dataaccess time (halved) versus functionality (doubled) trade-off. The overall bandwidth of the blockmemory in terms of bits per second will remain the same.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：15527161163
This application note shows how to achieve low-cost, efficient serial configuration for Spartan FPGA designs. The approachrecommended here takes advantage of unused resources in a design, thereby reducing the cost, part count, memory size,and board space associated with the serial configuration circuitry. As a result, neither processor nor PROM needs to be fullydedicated to performing Spartan configuration.In particular, information is provided on how the idle processing time of an on-board controller can be used to loadconfiguration data from an off-board source. As a result, it is possible to upgrade a Spartan design in the field by sending thebitstream over a network.
上傳時間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：wojiaohs
