DC/DC 升壓IC：The FP6291 is a current mode boost DC-DC converter. Its PWM circuitry with built-in 0.25 Ω
power MOSFET make this regulator highly power efficient. The internal compensation network also
minimizes as much as 6 external component counts. The non-inverting input of error amplifier connects
to a 0.6V precision reference voltage and internal soft-start function can reduce the inrush current.
The FP6291 is available in the SOT23-6L package and provides space-saving PCB for the application fields.
畢業設計 USB TO Gigabit LAN 網卡 隨著網絡技術飛速發展，多媒體的應用越來越多，人們對網絡的要求也越來越高，為了適應市場的需求，網卡出現了。它以其結構簡單、成本低廉、兼容性強等諸多的優越性得到了廣泛的應用。由于網絡的應用越來越廣泛，網卡的應用也越來越多、功能越來越強大。開始時由于技術方面的限制，網卡只有10Mbps的吞吐量，由于網絡技術的發展，100Mbps吞吐量的網卡開始在市場上得到廣泛的應用。而現在1000Mbps吞吐量的網卡的出現又給網絡的傳輸帶來了新的活力。 論文中主要闡述了基于以太網的USB TO Gigabit LAN網卡的設計與制作。論文首先對以太網進行了介紹，緊接著講了網卡的基本知識。隨后又對USB TO Gigabit LAN網卡的電路設計和制作進行了詳細的描述。論文還包括了USB TO Gigabit LAN網卡的調試等內容。
提出一種基于凌陽單片機的步進電機加減速的控制方法。采用凌陽科技推出的16位結構工控單片機SPMC75F2413A為控制器，由Allegro公司生產的兩相步進電機專用驅動器件SLA7042M構成步進電機的驅動電路，在傳統的3段直線加減速控制算法基礎上增加至7段S形曲線加減速過程，控制步進電機的啟動和停止。實驗結果表明，該控制方法克服了直線加減速中不連續、易造成系統沖擊的問題，整個系統實現柔性控制，電機啟動、停止連續性能提高30%。
Abstract:
The method of controlled stepping motor is referred based on SPMC75F2413A MCU， which adopts the 16 knots SPMC75F2413A MCU as the controller. The special-purpose actuation chip SLA7042M of two stepping motor produced by Allegro Corporation constituted to actuation electric circuit. The purpose of increasing to seven section of S shape curve based on the traditional three sections of straight line is to control the start and stop process of stepping motor. The experimental results show that the control method solves easy to pull-out and overshot problems. The overall system realizes flexible control， and the performance of motor start or stop continuity is increased 30%
在汽車發動機起動時，若發動機起動后起動機不能及時斷電，將會燒毀起動機或損壞飛輪齒環；若變速器不在空檔位置起動，則起動機的瞬間動力將使汽車位移，還可能引起交通事故和人身安全。為此介紹一種利用NXP P89LPC901單片機控制的汽車起動保護控制器，通過檢測汽車起動開關、變速箱檔位、發動機轉速，實現對汽車發動機起動過程檢測和保護。起動保護控制器在發動機起動過程中通過采用逐個關閉打開負載系統，解決汽車發動機過程中因起動電流大而對汽車電源的沖擊影響,延長了電瓶壽命。
Abstract:
When the automotive engine is started, the engine start motor and flywheel gear may be damaged， even traffic accidents and personal safeties may be caused by wrong operation or other factors.In order to ensure the automotive engine can be started normally and safely,it is necessary that the protecting measures and methods are considered in the automotive electrical control system.This paper introduces a kind of the automotive engine starting protect controller based on NXP P89LPC901 MCU.The controller can protect the engine starting process by detecting the starter key switch,transmission stall and engine speed.Through the use of close and open load system,the controller can solve the impact on automotive power because of the high-current load in the process of the automobile engine starting, and extend battery life.
The MSP-FET430U14 is a powerful flash emulation tool to quickly begin application development on the MSP430 MCU. It includes USB debugging interface used to program and debug the MSP430 in-system through the JTAG interface or the pin saving Spy Bi-Wire (2-wire JTAG) protocol. The flash memory can be erased and programmed in seconds with only a few keystrokes, and since the MSP430 flash is ultra-low power, no external power supply is required.
The debugging tool interfaces the MSP430 to the included integrated software environment and includes code to start your design immediately. The MSP-FET430UIF development tools supports development with all MSP430 flash devices
PICKIT™ 2 PROGRAMMER-TO-GO USER GUIDE
The PICkit 2 Programmer-To-Go functionality allows a PIC MCU memory image to be downloaded into the PICkit 2 unit for later programming into a specific PIC MCU. No software or PC is required to program devices once the PICkit 2 unit is set up for Programming-To-Go. A USB power source for the PICkit 2 is all that is needed.
The PCA9541 is a 2-to-1 I2C-bus master selector designed for high reliability dual masterI2C-bus applications where system operation is required, even when one master fails orthe controller card is removed for maintenance. The two masters (for example, primaryand back-up) are located on separate I2C-buses that connect to the same downstreamI2C-bus slave devices. I2C-bus commands are sent by either I2C-bus master and are usedto select one master at a time. Either master at any time can gain control of the slavedevices if the other master is disabled or removed from the system. The failed master isisolated from the system and will not affect communication between the on-line masterand the slave devices on the downstream I2C-bus.
The MAX3243E device consists of three line drivers, five line receivers, and a dual charge-pump circuit with±15-kV ESD (HBM and IEC61000-4-2, Air-Gap Discharge) and ±8-kV ESD (IEC61000-4-2, Contact Discharge)protection on serial-port connection pins. The device meets the requirements of TIA/EIA-232-F and provides theelectrical interface between an asynchronous communication controller and the serial-port connector. Thiscombination of drivers and receivers matches that needed for the typical serial port used in an IBM PC/AT, orcompatible. The charge pump and four small external capacitors allow operation from a single 3-V to 5.5-Vsupply. In addition, the device includes an always-active noninverting output (ROUT2B), which allowsapplications using the ring indicator to transmit data while the device is powered down. The device operates atdata signaling rates up to 250 kbit/s and a maximum of 30-V/ms driver output slew rate.
PC機之間串口通信的實現一、實驗目的 １．熟悉微機接口實驗裝置的結構和使用方法。 ２．掌握通信接口芯片8251和8250的功能和使用方法。 ３．學會串行通信程序的編制方法。
二、實驗內容與要求 １．基本要求主機接收開關量輸入的數據（二進制或十六進制），從鍵盤上按“傳輸”鍵（可自行定義），就將該數據通過8251A傳輸出去。終端接收后在顯示器上顯示數據。具體操作說明如下：（１）出現提示信息“start with R in the board!”，通過調整乒乓開關的狀態，設置8位數據；（２）在小鍵盤上按“R”鍵，系統將此時乒乓開關的狀態讀入計算機I中，并顯示出來，同時顯示經串行通訊后，計算機II接收到的數據；（３）完成后，系統提示“do you want to send another data? Y/N”，根據用戶需要，在鍵盤按下“Y”鍵，則重復步驟（1），進行另一數據的通訊；在鍵盤按除“Y”鍵外的任意鍵，將退出本程序。２．提高要求 能夠進行出錯處理，例如采用奇偶校驗，出錯重傳或者采用接收方回傳和發送方確認來保證發送和接收正確。
三、設計報告要求 １．設計目的和內容 ２．總體設計 ３．硬件設計：原理圖（接線圖）及簡要說明 ４．軟件設計框圖及程序清單５．設計結果和體會（包括遇到的問題及解決的方法）
四、8251A通用串行輸入/輸出接口芯片由于CPU與接口之間按并行方式傳輸，接口與外設之間按串行方式傳輸，因此，在串行接口中，必須要有“接收移位寄存器”（串→并）和“發送移位寄存器”（并→串）。能夠完成上述“串←→并”轉換功能的電路，通常稱為“通用異步收發器”（UART：Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter）,典型的芯片有：Intel 8250/8251。8251A異步工作方式：如果8251A編程為異步方式，在需要發送字符時，必須首先設置TXEN和CTS#為有效狀態，TXEN(Transmitter Enable)是允許發送信號，是命令寄存器中的一位；CTS#(Clear To Send)是由外設發來的對CPU請求發送信號的響應信號。然后就開始發送過程。在發送時，每當CPU送往發送緩沖器一個字符，發送器自動為這個字符加上1個起始位，并且按照編程要求加上奇／偶校驗位以及1個、1.5個或者2個停止位。串行數據以起始位開始，接著是最低有效數據位，最高有效位的后面是奇／偶校驗位，然后是停止位。按位發送的數據是以發送時鐘TXC的下降沿同步的，也就是說這些數據總是在發送時鐘TXC的下降沿從8251A發出。數據傳輸的波特率取決于編程時指定的波特率因子，為發送器時鐘頻率的1、1/16或1/64。當波特率指定為16時，數據傳輸的波特率就是發送器時鐘頻率的1/16。CPU通過數據總線將數據送到8251A的數據輸出緩沖寄存器以后，再傳輸到發送緩沖器，經移位寄存器移位，將并行數據變為串行數據，從TxD端送往外部設備。在8251A接收字符時，命令寄存器的接收允許位RxE(Receiver Enable)必須為1。8251A通過檢測RxD引腳上的低電平來準備接收字符，在沒有字符傳送時RxD端為高電平。8251A不斷地檢測RxD引腳，從RxD端上檢測到低電平以后，便認為是串行數據的起始位，并且啟動接收控制電路中的一個計數器來進行計數，計數器的頻率等于接收器時鐘頻率。計數器是作為接收器采樣定時，當計數到相當于半個數位的傳輸時間時再次對RxD端進行采樣，如果仍為低電平，則確認該數位是一個有效的起始位。若傳輸一個字符需要16個時鐘，那么就是要在計數8個時鐘后采樣到低電平。之后，8251A每隔一個數位的傳輸時間對RxD端采樣一次，依次確定串行數據位的值。串行數據位順序進入接收移位寄存器，通過校驗并除去停止位，變成并行數據以后通過內部數據總線送入接收緩沖器，此時發出有效狀態的RxRDY信號通知CPU，通知CPU8251A已經收到一個有效的數據。一個字符對應的數據可以是5～8位。如果一個字符對應的數據不到8位，8251A會在移位轉換成并行數據的時候，自動把他們的高位補成0。
五、系統總體設計方案根據系統設計的要求，對系統設計的總體方案進行論證分析如下：1．獲取8位開關量可使用實驗臺上的8255A可編程并行接口芯片，因為只要獲取8位數據量，只需使用基本輸入和8位數據線，所以將8255A工作在方式0，PA0-PA7接實驗臺上的8位開關量。2．當使用串口進行數據傳送時，雖然同步通信速度遠遠高于異步通信，可達500kbit/s，但由于其需要有一個時鐘來實現發送端和接收端之間的同步，硬件電路復雜，通常計算機之間的通信只采用異步通信。3．由于8251A本身沒有時鐘，需要外部提供，所以本設計中使用實驗臺上的8253芯片的計數器2來實現。4：顯示和鍵盤輸入均使用DOS功能調用來實現。設計思路框圖，如下圖所示：
六、硬件設計硬件電路主要分為8位開關量數據獲取電路，串行通信數據發送電路，串行通信數據接收電路三個部分。1．8位開關量數據獲取電路該電路主要是利用8255并行接口讀取8位乒乓開關的數據。此次設計在獲取8位開關數據量時采用8255令其工作在方式0，A口輸入8位數據，CS#接實驗臺上CS1口，對應端口為280H-283H，PA0-PA7接8個開關。2．串行通信電路串行通信電路本設計中8253主要為8251充當頻率發生器，接線如下圖所示。
