Abstract: Class D amplifiers are typically very efficient, making them ideal candidates for portable applications that require longbattery life and low thermal dissipation. However, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an issue that commonly accompanies theClass D switching TOPOLOGY. Active-emissions limiting reduces radiated emissions and enables "filterless" operation, allowingdesigners to create small, efficient portable applications with low EMI.
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：哈哈hah
Designers of signal receiver systems often need to performcascaded chain analysis of system performancefrom the antenna all the way to the ADC. Noise is a criticalparameter in the chain analysis because it limits theoverall sensitivity of the receiver. An application’s noiserequirement has a signifi cant infl uence on the systemTOPOLOGY, since the choice of TOPOLOGY strives to optimizethe overall signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range andseveral other parameters. One problem in noise calculationsis translating between the various units used by thecomponents in the chain: namely the RF, IF/baseband,and digital (ADC) sections of the circuit.
上傳時間： 2014-12-05
上傳用戶：cylnpy
第一部分 信號完整性知識基礎.................................................................................5第一章 高速數字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導.............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應和集束效應.................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串擾的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串擾的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串擾和后向串擾.................................................................................433.3 后向串擾的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串擾的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串擾的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串擾問題.....................................................................................513.7 串擾的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串擾的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內部開關噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設計的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert TOPOLOGY Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設計的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓撲結構的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓撲模板驅動設計...................................................................2313.4.4 時序驅動布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅動設計.......................................................................2323.4.6 設計后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進階運用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓撲結構探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設計前和設計的拓撲結構提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變設計的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關鍵技術特點...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓撲結構探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對傳輸線進行設置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進行串擾仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串擾仿真..........................................................................309
上傳時間： 2014-04-18
上傳用戶：wpt
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general TOPOLOGY and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上傳時間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：busterman
While simplicity and high effi ciency (for cool running) areno longer optional features in isolated power supplies, itis traditionally diffi cult to achieve both. Achieving higheffi ciency often requires the use of advanced topologiesand home-brewed secondary synchronous rectifi cationschemes once reserved only for higher power applications.This only adds to the parts count and to the designcomplexity associated with the reference and optocouplercircuits typically used to maintain isolation. Fortunately, abreakthrough IC makes it possible to achieve both high efficiency and simplicity in a synchronous fl yback TOPOLOGY.The LT®3825 simplifi es and improves the performance oflow voltage, high current fl yback supplies by providingprecise synchronous rectifi er timing and eliminating theneed for optocoupler feedback while maintaining excellentregulation and superior loop response.
上傳時間： 2013-10-16
上傳用戶：wayne595
光伏發電是未來新能源發電重要方向之一，而光伏變流器是光伏發電系統的核心。介紹一種基于微網理念的光伏變流器設計。以該變流器為核心的光伏發電系統可以看做一個小型的微網系統。該系統能根據外部電網情況，工作于并網模式和離網模式。介紹了該系統的各個組成部件的設計以及變流器主電路部分器件的選型。最后，由實驗樣機進行測試。試驗結果驗證了電路拓撲結構及控制方案的可行性，也說明了系統參數設計方法的正確性。 Abstract: Solar Photovoltaic generation is an important direction of new energy power generation in the future，while photovoltaic converter is the core of photovoltaic generation system. This paper deals with a study on photovoltaic inverter based on the concept of microgrid. This paper describes a system whose core component is the photovoltaic inverter，can work on grid-connected mode or run independently according to the external situation. The paper simply describes the main components of the system. At last，the prototype was produced and tested. Test result has proved feasibility of circuit TOPOLOGY structure and controlling scheme and shown correctness of system parameters.Key words: PV inverter； microgrid； off-grid； storage battery
上傳時間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：Shaikh
高壓雙管反激變換器的設計:介紹一種雙管反激的電路拓撲，分析了其工作原理，給出了一些關鍵技術參數的計算公式，設計并研制成功的30W 380V AC5 0H z/510V DC/+15.1 V DC(1A )、+5.2VDC(2A)輔助開關電源具有功率密度高、變換效率高、可靠性高等優良的綜合性能。該變換器在高電壓輸人情況下有重要的應用價值。【關 鍵 詞 】變換器，輔助開關電源，雙管反激 [Abstract】 A n e wt opologyfo rd oubles witchfl ybackc onverteris in troduced.Th eo perationp rincipleis a nalyzeda nds ome for mulas for calculating key parameters for the TOPOLOGY are presented. The designed and produced auxiliary switching power supply,i. e. 30W 380V AC5 0H z/5 10V DC/+15.1 V DC《1A )、+5.2 V DC《2A )，hase xcellentc omprehensivep erformances sucha sh ighp owerd ensity, hi ghc onversione fficiencya ndh ighr eliability.Th isc onverterh asim portanta pplicationv aluef orh igh input voltag [Keywords ]converter,au xiliary switchingp owers upply,do ubles witchf lybac
上傳時間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：Ants
為滿足無線網絡技術具有低功耗、節點體積小、網絡容量大、網絡傳輸可靠等技術要求，設計了一種以MSP430單片機和CC2420射頻收發器組成的無線傳感節點。通過分析其節點組成，提出了ZigBee技術中的幾種網絡拓撲形式，并研究了ZigBee路由算法。針對不同的傳輸要求形式選用不同的網絡拓撲形式可以盡大可能地減少系統成本。同時針對不同網絡選用正確的ZigBee路由算法有效地減少了網絡能量消耗，提高了系統的可靠性。應用試驗表明，采用ZigBee方式通信可以提高傳輸速率且覆蓋范圍大，與傳統的有線通信方式相比可以節約40%左右的成本。 Abstract: To improve the proposed technical requirements such as low-ower， small nodes， large capacity and reliable network transmission， wireless sensor nodes based on MSP430 MCU and CC2420 RF transceiver were designed. This paper provided network TOPOLOGY of ZigBee technology by analysing the component of the nodes and researched ZigBee routing algorithm. Aiming at different requirements of transmission mode to choose the different network topologies form can most likely reduce the system cost. And aiming at different network to choose the correct ZigBee routing algorithm can effectively reduced the network energy consumption and improved the reliability of the system. Results show that the communication which used ZigBee mode can improve the transmission rate， cover more area and reduce 40% cost compared with traditional wired communications mode.
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：robter
第一部分 信號完整性知識基礎.................................................................................5第一章 高速數字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導.............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應和集束效應.................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串擾的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串擾的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串擾和后向串擾.................................................................................433.3 后向串擾的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串擾的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串擾的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串擾問題.....................................................................................513.7 串擾的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串擾的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內部開關噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設計的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert TOPOLOGY Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設計的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓撲結構的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓撲模板驅動設計...................................................................2313.4.4 時序驅動布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅動設計.......................................................................2323.4.6 設計后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進階運用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓撲結構探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設計前和設計的拓撲結構提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變設計的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關鍵技術特點...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓撲結構探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對傳輸線進行設置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進行串擾仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串擾仿真..........................................................................309
上傳時間： 2013-11-07
上傳用戶：aa7821634
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general TOPOLOGY and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：s363994250
