ExpressPCB 是一款免費的PCB設計軟件，簡單實使。可以畫雙層板。 Our Free PCB software is a snap to learn and use. For the first time, designing circuit boards is simple for the beginner and efficient for the professional. Our board manufacturing service makes top quality Two and four layer PCBs. Use our MiniBoard service and pay only $51 for three boards (plus $8 shipping).
標簽： ExpressPCB PCB 設計軟件
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：1047385479
This application note describes the implementation of a Two-dimensional Rank Order filter. Thereference design includes the RTL VHDL implementation of an efficient sorting algorithm. Thedesign is parameterizable for input/output precision, color standards, filter kernel size,maximum horizontal resolution, and implementation options. The rank to be selected can bemodified dynamically, and the actual horizontal resolution is picked up automatically from theinput synchronization signals. The design has a fully synchronous interface through the ce, clk,and rst ports.
上傳時間： 2013-12-14
上傳用戶：逗逗666
Xilinx FPGAs require at least Two power supplies: VCCINTfor core circuitry and VCCO for I/O interface. For the latestXilinx FPGAs, including Virtex-II Pro, Virtex-II and Spartan-3, a third auxiliary supply, VCCAUX may be needed. Inmost cases, VCCAUX can share a power supply with VCCO.The core voltages, VCCINT, for most Xilinx FPGAs, rangefrom 1.2V to 2.5V. Some mature products have 3V, 3.3Vor 5V core voltages. Table 1 shows the core voltagerequirement for most of the FPGA device families. TypicalI/O voltages (VCCO) vary from 1.2V to 3.3V. The auxiliaryvoltage VCCAUX is 2.5V for Virtex-II Pro and Spartan-3, andis 3.3V for Virtex-II.
上傳時間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：aeiouetla
波長信號的解調是實現光纖光柵傳感網絡的關鍵，基于現有的光纖光柵傳感器解調方法，提出一種基于FPGA的雙匹配光纖光柵解調方法，此系統是一種高速率、高精度、低成本的解調系統，并且通過引入雙匹配光柵有效地克服了雙值問題同時擴大了檢測范圍。分析了光纖光柵的測溫原理并給出了該方案軟硬件設計，綜合考慮系統的解調精度和FPGA的處理速度給出了基于拉格朗日的曲線擬合算法。 Abstract: Sensor is one of the most important application of the fiber grating. Wavelength signal demodulating is the key techniques to carry out fiber grating sensing neTwork， based on several existing methods of fiber grating sensor demodulation inadequate， a Two-match fiber grating demodulation method was presented. This system is a high-speed， high precision， low-cost demodulation system. And by introducing a Two-match grating effectively overcomes the problem of double value while expands the scope of testing. This paper analyzes the principle of fiber Bragg grating temperature and gives the software and hardware design of the program. Considering the system of demodulation accuracy and processing speed of FPGA，this paper gives the curve fitting algorithm based on Lagrange.
上傳時間： 2013-10-10
上傳用戶：zxc23456789
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of Two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上傳時間： 2014-01-24
上傳用戶：s363994250
Abstract: As industrial control systems (ICSs) have become increasingly connected and use more off-the-shelfcomponents, new vulnerabilities to cyber attacks have emerged. This tutorial looks at three types of ICSs:programmable logic controllers (PLCs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, anddistributed control systems (DCSs), and then discusses security issues and remedies. This document alsoexplains the benefits and limitations of Two cryptographic solutions (digital signatures and encryption) andelaborates on the reasons for using security ICs in an ICS to support cryptography.
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：woshinimiaoye
The data plane of the reference design consists of a configurable multi-channel XBERT modulethat generates and checks high-speed serial data transmitted and received by the MGTs. Eachchannel in the XBERT module consists of Two MGTs (MGTA and MGTB), which physicallyoccupy one MGT tile in the Virtex-4 FPGA. Each MGT has its own pattern checker, but bothMGTs in a channel share the same pattern generator. Each channel can load a differentpattern. The MGT serial rate depends on the reference clock frequency and the internal PMAdivider settings. The reference design can be scaled anywhere from one channel (Two MGTs)to twelve channels (twenty-four MGTs).
上傳時間： 2013-12-25
上傳用戶：jkhjkh1982
基于通用集成運算放大器，利用MASON公式設計了一個多功能二階通用濾波器，能同時或分別實現低通、高通和帶通濾波，也能設計成一個正交振蕩器。電路的極點頻率和品質因數能夠獨立、精確地調節。電路使用4個集成運放、2個電容和11個電阻，所有集成運放的反相端虛地。利用計算機仿真電路的通用濾波功能、極點頻率和品質因數的獨立控制和正交正弦振蕩，從而證明該濾波器正確有效。 Abstract: A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions， such as high-pass， band-pass， low-pass filtering， can be realized respectively and simultaneously， and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs， Two capacitors， and eleven resistances， and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering， the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer， and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：13788529953
近年來電腦虛擬儀器的發展很快。在飛速發展的計算機技術支持下，“軟件即儀器”的理念得到了充分的發揮。計算機加軟件配合合適的AD/DA界面和傳感器/控制器，就可以完成形形色色的傳統儀器的所有功能，應用領域遍及現代科技的各個方面，大有星火燎原之勢。而且由于其成本較低，升級容易換代快，維護簡單，特別是數據的采集、分析、管理做到了智能化，大大提高了工作效率，在科研、計量、工控、自控等應用上特別受青睞，發展勢頭已將傳統儀器遠遠拋在了后面，并將持續下去。但是一般的虛擬儀器對于普通電子愛好者來說仍然是太昂貴了，而且由于通用的虛擬儀器要考慮高速信號，往往采用高速低分辨率的AD/DA芯片，一般分辨率只能達到8至12位，這對于電子愛好者常用的音頻領域恰恰不夠精確。在現代多媒體電腦上，聲卡已經成為一個必不可少的重要組成部分，它給我們提供了豐富多彩的視聽娛樂和有聲交流功能，使“多媒體”的名稱名副其實。但是你是否知道，利用聲卡高精度的AD/DA變換界面，加上合適的軟件，就可以構成功能十分強大的音頻（超音頻）虛擬儀器呢？并且，如果使用足夠好的聲卡，配合比較簡單的擴展設備和傳聲器/放大器，再選用本文介紹的軟件，將是目前音頻虛擬儀器的最強、最佳選擇。限于篇幅和時間，本文主要介紹一些原則性的測試方法，期望起到拋磚引玉的作用，給有興趣的愛好者引個路。具體的應用還需要大家不斷學習、探索，詳細的軟件應用方法將在2004年《無線電》雜志以及本站連續刊登介紹。1.聲卡的選擇聲卡擔負著模擬信號進出大門的重任，其性能如何，對虛擬儀器的精度有著最直接的影響，因此選擇合適的聲卡是非常有必要的。從分辨率看，一般電腦多媒體聲卡為16位，取樣頻率為44.1/48KHz，而現在的主流中高檔聲卡大多具備了96KHz/24bit的取樣精度，好的專業聲卡甚至能達到輸入/輸出兼備的192KHz/24bit取樣精度。從音頻處理的技術指標看，許多質量良好的廉價聲卡已經超越了一般模擬儀器，而高檔的專業聲卡更是具有極其優異的指標。這也不奇怪，因為專業聲卡本身就是為專業的錄音、監聽、音頻處理而設計的，是音頻傳播的門檻，理應具有良好的素質。例如，頂級的專業聲卡頻率響應可以從幾Hz平坦地延伸到數十KHz至接近100 KHz，波動在正負0.1dB以下，噪聲水平在-110dB以下，動態范圍大于110dB，總諧波失真和互調失真遠小于萬分之一，通道分離度能達到100dB……這樣的聲卡已經超越了絕大多數模擬設備的指標，足以應付最苛刻的應用要求，也足以勝任高精度電腦音頻虛擬儀器的要求，乃至于數十KHz的超聲波研究。當然了，頂級的專業聲卡價格昂貴，一般相當于一套主流電腦的價格，大多數業余愛好者不能或不愿承受，但比起模擬測試儀器來說還是便宜很多，而且軟件升級沒有限制。不過近來電腦音頻設備市場看好，許多專業聲卡廠家推出了“準專業”聲卡進軍多媒體市場，素質良好，支持多聲道，價格也便宜很多，用途廣泛，很適合業余愛好者選用。如果再“摳門”一點，精選百元級優質聲卡也是可以應付一般的聲學測量的，因為我們知道聲學測量的瓶頸一般在于傳聲器而不是電路。當然這時最好對聲卡模擬電路進行“打摩”如更換運放和輸出電容等，以得到更好的效果。介紹一些具體的聲卡品牌。頂級聲卡首選Lynx Two/Lynx 22,據筆者所知是目前世界上指標最優秀的聲卡，價格一千美元左右。類似的其它專業聲卡有RME，比Lynx還貴（主要因為支持的聲道數多）。另外如果單為測試用，一些專業的測試用AD/DA界面設備也可用（例如Sound Technology公司的產品），不過可能更昂貴，而且功能少，指標也未必更強，但好處是可以找到USB接口型的，可配合筆記本電腦使用。這類聲卡可以進行精確的電路測試，如作為其它聲卡、碟機、功放等設備的輸入輸出參考標準進行測量，聲學測試更是不在話下。
上傳時間： 2013-10-13
上傳用戶：zhengjian
Tug of War(A tug of war is to be arranged at the local office picnic. For the tug of war, the picnickers must be divided into Two teams. Each person must be on one team or the other the number of people on the Two teams must not differ by more than 1 the total weight of the people on each team should be as nearly equal as possible. The first line of input contains n the number of people at the picnic. n lines follow. The first line gives the weight of person 1 the second the weight of person 2 and so on. Each weight is an integer between 1 and 450. There are at most 100 people at the picnic. Your output will be a single line containing 2 numbers: the total weight of the people on one team, and the total weight of the people on the other team. If these numbers differ, give the lesser first. )
上傳時間： 2014-01-07
上傳用戶：離殤
