The outputs of the PCA9518 are immediately available as soon as there is a voltage present on thesupply >~1V and behave as described above. The power-on reset of the PCA9518A keeps the outputsturned off during power-up and maintains the high impedance of the outputs throughout the power-upcycle. There is an additional built-in delay after power-up that allows the analog circuits to stabilize beforethe part is activated.
Designing Boards with Atmel AT89C51, AT89C52, AT89C1051, and AT89C2051 for Writing Flash at In-Circuit Test:Recent improvements in chips andtesters have made it possible for thetester to begin taking over the role traditionallyassigned to the PROM programmer.Instead of having a PROM programmerwrite nonvolatile memoriesbefore assembling the board, the in-circuittester writes them during in-circuittesting operations. Many Teradyne Z18-series testers are now in use loadingcode into nonvolatile memories, microcontrollersand in-circuit programmable logic devices. The purpose of this note is to explain how the Z18 approaches the writing task for Atmel AT89C series IC’s,so that designers of boards using these chips can get the best results.
MP3 portable players are the trend in music-listening technology. These players do not includeany mechanical movements, thereby making them ideal for listening to music during any type ofactivity. MP3 is a digital compression technique based on MPEG Layer 3 which stores music ina lot less space than current CD technology. Software is readily available to create MP3 filesfrom an existing CD, and the user can then download these files into a portable MP3 player tobe enjoyed in almost any environment.
Semiconductor memory, card readers, microprocessors,disc drives, piezoelectric devices and digitally based systemsfurnish transient loads that a voltage regulator mustservice. Ideally, regulator output is invariant during a loadtransient. In practice, some variation is encountered andbecomes problematic if allowable operating voltage tolerancesare exceeded. This mandates testing the regulatorand its associated support components to verify desiredperformance under transient loading conditions. Variousmethods are employable to generate transient loads, allowingobservation of regulator response
Addressbook using double-linked list. This example shows the use of a double-linked list by implementing an addressbook for the console. It has features like inserting, searching(linear), sorting(bubble sort), deleting and load/save to a file. I wrote this during my study of Applied Computer Science so it s intended mainly for students who want to know about some advanced programming techniques in C. The Code was compiled with MSVC++ 6.0 but it should compile with any ANSI-compliant compiler.
a3load is 8051 firmware that can be used for uploading or downloading
to EZ-USB RAM (internal or external). It implements the vendor specific
command bRequest = 0xA3. The address to download/upload to/from is
specified in the wValue field of the SETUP packet and the length of
the transfer in the wLength field. The actual upload/download data
is transferred during the DATA stage of the SETUP transfer. This firmware
will function on all EZ-USB chips (EZ-USB, EZ-USB FX, FX2, FX2LP, FX1).
he LPC932 can be used to create a Pulse Width Modulated PWM signal. That s an analog signal, with only 2 discrete levels, for example 0V and 5V and a constant period. The current value of this signal at a certain poiTnt of time is proportional to its Duty Cycle. That s the High Time during one period divided by the period. It can also be calculated as the average value during a particular period. That means after low pass filtering, (e.g. RC circuit) the signal becomes analog, with an actual value controlled by the microcontroller. The PWM functionality enables the LPC932 to control for example the speed of DC motors or the brightness of electric lighting.
The Hopfield model is a distributed model of an associative memory. Neurons are pixels and can take the values of -1 (off) or +1 (on). The network has stored a certain number of pixel patterns. during a retrieval phase, the network is started with some initial configuration and the network dynamics evolves towards the stored pattern which is closest to the initial configuration.
A program to demonstrate the optimization process of ant colony optimization for the traveling saleman problem (TSP). The cities are shown as red circles, the pheromone on the connections between them (fully connected graph) by gray lines. The darker the grey, the more pheromone is currently on the edge. during the optimization, the currently best found tour is drawn in red. To run the optimization, first create a random TSP, then create an ant colony, and finally run the optimization.
* CONSTRAINTS
* This module does not handle data which is considered out of range by the
* application(i.e. fixed constants which represent error condition)
*
* Maximum weight value must be limited to 128 to prevent an overflow
* condition during the calculation.
*
* The internal data type must be large enough to handle the calculations.
* The maximum possible internal value
* = Max Input Value * (weight - 1) + Max Input Value
* If a maximum weight of 128 is used, the internal data type should be 2
* times the size of the input data type.
