本課題選用光電傳感器作為導(dǎo)向傳感器，以設(shè)計(jì)出使用方便、價(jià)格低廉、引導(dǎo)精確、響應(yīng)速度快的AGV工廠自動(dòng)運(yùn)貨車為研究目的。 AGV是自動(dòng)導(dǎo)引運(yùn)輸車（Automated Guided Vehicle）的英文縮寫，是當(dāng)今柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)和自動(dòng)化倉儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)中物流運(yùn)輸?shù)挠行侄巍Ｗ詣?dòng)導(dǎo)引運(yùn)輸車系統(tǒng)的核心設(shè)備是自動(dòng)導(dǎo)引運(yùn)輸車，作為一種無人駕駛工業(yè)搬運(yùn)車輛，一般用蓄電池作為動(dòng)力，載重量從幾公斤到上百噸，工作場地可以是辦公室、車間，也可以是港口、碼頭。 現(xiàn)代的AGV都是由計(jì)算機(jī)控制的，車上裝有微處理器。多數(shù)的AGVS配有系統(tǒng)集中控制與管理計(jì)算機(jī)，用于對AGV的作業(yè)過程進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，發(fā)出搬運(yùn)指令，跟蹤傳送中的構(gòu)件。裝備有電磁或光學(xué)等自動(dòng)導(dǎo)引裝置，能夠沿規(guī)定的導(dǎo)引路徑行駛，具有安全保護(hù)以及各種移載功能的運(yùn)輸車，工業(yè)應(yīng)用中不需駕駛員的搬運(yùn)車，以可充電之蓄電池為其動(dòng)力來源。一般可透過電腦來控制其行進(jìn)路線以及行為，或利用電磁軌道(electromagnetic path-following system)來設(shè)立其行進(jìn)路線，電磁軌道黏貼於地板上，自動(dòng)導(dǎo)引運(yùn)輸車則依循電磁軌道所帶來的訊息進(jìn)行移動(dòng)與動(dòng)作。 AGV以輪式移動(dòng)為特征，較之步行、爬行或其它非輪式的移動(dòng)機(jī)器人具有行動(dòng)快捷、工作效率高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、可控性強(qiáng)、安全性好等優(yōu)勢。與物料輸送中常用的其他設(shè)備相比，AGV的活動(dòng)區(qū)域無需鋪設(shè)軌道、支座架等固定裝置，不受場地、道路和空間的限制。因此，在自動(dòng)化物流系統(tǒng)中，最能充分地體現(xiàn)其自動(dòng)性和柔性，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)、靈活的無人化生產(chǎn)。 AGV的常用引導(dǎo)方式有電磁感應(yīng)式引導(dǎo)，激光引導(dǎo)，電磁陀螺式引導(dǎo)等，通過對這種引導(dǎo)方式的比較，我們選用光電傳感器作為導(dǎo)向傳感器，因?yàn)楣怆姍z測方法具有精度高、反應(yīng)快、非接觸等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且可測參數(shù)多，傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，形式靈活多樣。選用紅外傳感器作為蔽障傳感器，因?yàn)榧t外線對外界環(huán)境光線的適應(yīng)能力比較強(qiáng)。用直流測速發(fā)電機(jī)作為速度傳感器。設(shè)計(jì)出使用方便、價(jià)格低廉、引導(dǎo)精確、響應(yīng)速度快的AGV。
標(biāo)簽： AGV 光電傳感器 控制系統(tǒng) 報(bào)告
上傳時(shí)間： 2015-01-02
上傳用戶：LANCE
In this paper, a new family of Cassinian wave-guides is proposed, simulating and calculation are finished with CST Microwave Studio that based on Finite Integral Technique (FIT), and some results are given. electromagnetic field mode type of it is TE, electromagnetic field is stronger near neck region, and some resonance frequencies appear. The new Cassinian curve wave-guides will possess higher power than ones of the rectangular and elliptic wave-guides because the height at the position where maximal electric field occurs is smaller.
標(biāo)簽： calculation wave-guides simulating Cassinian
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-18
上傳用戶：netwolf
It was proposed that perfect invisibility cloaks can be constructed for hiding objects from electromagnetic illumination (Pendry et al., Science 312, p. 1780). The cylindrical cloaks experimentally demonstrated (Schurig et al., Science 314, p. 997) and theoretically proposed (Cai et al., Nat. Photon. 1, p. 224) have however simplified material parameters in order to facilitate easier realization as well as to avoid infinities in optical constants. Here we show that the cylindrical cloaks with simplified material parameters inherently allow the zeroth-order cylindrical wave to pass through the cloak as if the cloak is made of a homogeneous isotropic medium, and thus visible. To all high-order cylindrical waves, our numerical simulation suggests that the simplified cloak inherits some properties of the ideal cloak, but finite scatterings exist.
標(biāo)簽： invisibility constructed proposed electrom
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-18
上傳用戶：13215175592
We analyze, both analytically and numerically, the effectiveness of cloaking an infinite cylinder from observations by electromagnetic waves in three dimensions. We show that, as truncated approximations of the ideal permittivity and permeability tensors tend towards the singular ideal cloaking fields, so that the anisotropy ratio tends to infinity, the D and B fields blow up near the cloaking surface. Since the metamaterials used to implement cloaking are based on effective medium theory, the resulting large variation in D and B will pose a challenge to the suitability of the field averaged characterization of " and 碌. We also consider cloaking with and without the SHS (softand- hard surface) lining, shown in [6] to be theoretically necessary for cloaking in the cylindrical geometry. We demonstrate numerically that cloaking is significantly improved by the SHS lining, with both the far field of the scattered wave significantly reduced and the blow up of D and B prevented.
標(biāo)簽： effectiveness analytically numerically cloaking
上傳時(shí)間： 2017-03-30
上傳用戶：zxc23456789
Feeding antennas with proper signals can be difficult. The signal is often described as a voltage, and voltages are not well defined in electromagnetic wave formulations. There are several tricks to model voltage generators in such situations, and one is the magnetic frill. This model shows the basic steps of defining a magnetic frill voltage generator for a dipole antenna, and it also compares the resulting antenna impedance with known results.
標(biāo)簽： difficult described antennas Feeding
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-25
上傳用戶：yulg
The Schumann resonance frequencies are a set of eigenmodes in the extremely low frequency (ELF) portion of the electromagnetic field spectrum. These frequencies are only present for planetary-like bodies with a substantial ionosphere acting as a perfect electric conductor, thus forming a resonance cavity with the surface. In this example, the Schumann resonance frequencies for the Earth are calculated.
標(biāo)簽： frequencies eigenmodes resonance extremely
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-12-09
上傳用戶：stella2015
Feeding antennas with proper signals can be difficult. The signal is often described as a voltage, and voltages are not well defined in electromagnetic wave formulations. There are several tricks to model voltage generators in such situations, and one is the magnetic frill. This model shows the basic steps of defining a magnetic frill voltage generator for a dipole antenna, and it also compares the resulting antenna impedance with known results.
標(biāo)簽： difficult described antennas Feeding
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-21
上傳用戶：GavinNeko
This book provides the reader with the basics in radio engineering, the techniques needed to generate, control, detect, and use radio waves. The text approaches the relevant problems both from the electromagnetic theory based on Maxwell抯 equations and from the circuit theory based on Kirchoff and Ohm抯 laws. Brief introductions to the electromagnetic theory as well as to the circuit theory are provided. Besides passive transmission lines and components, active RF circuits are also addressed.
標(biāo)簽： the engineering techniques provides
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-17
上傳用戶：rocketrevenge
DDSCAT 7.3 is a freely available open-source Fortran-90 software package applying the “discrete dipole approximation” (DDA) to calculate scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves by targets with arbitrary geometries and complex refractive index. The targets may be isolated entities (e.g., dust particles), but may also be 1-d or 2-d periodic arrays of “target unit cells”, which can be used to study absorption, scattering, and electric ?elds around arrays of nanostructures.
標(biāo)簽： userguide
上傳時(shí)間： 2015-04-29
上傳用戶：499689361
PSCAD/EMTDC是加拿大馬尼托巴高壓直流研究中心出品的一款電力系統(tǒng)電磁暫態(tài)仿真軟件，PSCAD（Power Systems Computer Aided Design）是用戶界面，EMTDC（electromagnetic Transients including DC）是內(nèi)部程序。 EMTDC最初代表直流暫態(tài)，是一套基于軟件的電磁暫態(tài)模擬程序。Dennis Woodford博士于1976年在加拿大曼尼托巴水電局開發(fā)完成了EMTDC的初版，編寫這個(gè)程序的原因是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)存的研究工具不能夠滿足曼尼托巴電力局對尼爾遜河高壓直流工程進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力和靈活的研究的要求。自此之后程序被不斷開發(fā)，至今已被廣泛地應(yīng)用在電力系統(tǒng)許多類型的模擬研究，其中包括交流研究，雷電過電壓和電力電子學(xué)研究。EMTDC開始時(shí)在大型計(jì)算機(jī)上使用。然后在1986年被移植到Unix系統(tǒng)和以后的PC機(jī)上。 PSCAD代表電力系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)，PSCAD的開發(fā)成功，使得用戶能更方便地使用EMTDC進(jìn)行電力系統(tǒng)分析，使電力系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜部分可視化成為可能，而且軟件可以作為實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)字仿真器的前置端。可模擬任意大小的交直流系統(tǒng)。PSCAD V1 1988年首先在阿波羅工作站上使用，然后大約在1995年P(guān)SCAD V2開始應(yīng)用。PSCAD V3以PC Windows作為平臺(tái)，在1999年面世。目前最新版本的是PSCAD V4.2.1。 用戶可以通過調(diào)用隨EMTDC 主程序一起提供的庫程序模塊或利用用戶自己開發(fā)的元部件模型有效地組裝任何可以想象出的電力系統(tǒng)模型和結(jié)構(gòu)。EMTDC 的威力之一是可以較為簡單地模擬復(fù)雜電力系統(tǒng), 包括直流輸電系統(tǒng)和其相關(guān)的控制系統(tǒng)。 采用 PSCAD/EMTDC 進(jìn)行的典型模擬研究包括： ? 一般的交流電力系統(tǒng)電磁暫態(tài)研究 ? 直流輸電結(jié)構(gòu)和控制 ? FACTS(靈活交流輸電系統(tǒng))元部件模型 ? 由于故障、斷路器操作或雷電沖擊引起的電力系統(tǒng)的過電壓研究 ? 絕緣配合研究 ? 諧波相互影響研究 ? 靜止補(bǔ)償器研究 ? 非線性控制系統(tǒng)研究 ? 變壓器飽和研究, 如鐵磁振蕩和鐵芯飽和不穩(wěn)定性研究 ? 同步發(fā)電機(jī)和感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的扭矩效應(yīng)和自勵(lì)磁研究 ? 陡前波分析 ? 研究當(dāng)一臺(tái)多軸系發(fā)電機(jī)與串補(bǔ)線路或電力電子設(shè)備相互作用時(shí)的次同步諧振現(xiàn)象 ? 向孤立負(fù)荷送電 電力系統(tǒng)數(shù)字仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用PSCAD/EMTDC主要進(jìn)行一般的交流電力系統(tǒng)電磁暫態(tài)研究，進(jìn)行簡單和復(fù)雜電力系統(tǒng)的故障建模及故障仿真，分析電力系統(tǒng)故障電磁暫態(tài)過程。
標(biāo)簽： PSCAD實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)教程
上傳時(shí)間： 2016-02-16
上傳用戶：xixi略
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