基于PIC單片機(jī)的低功耗讀卡器硬件設(shè)計(jì):本文提出了一個(gè)完整的基于串口的智能讀卡器子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案并將其實(shí)現(xiàn)。讀卡器的設(shè)計(jì)突出了小型化的要求，全部器件使用貼片封裝。為了減小讀卡器的體積，設(shè)計(jì)中還使用了串口竊電的技術(shù)，使用串口信號(hào)線直接給讀卡器供電。為此，讀卡器使用了省電的設(shè)計(jì)，采用了省電的集成電路，并大膽簡化了許多傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)電路。關(guān)鍵字： 讀卡器， 單片機(jī)， 串口竊電
Abstract： This paper aims to put forward a complete design of Smart IC card reader based onSerial Port and propose the way of realizing it for the purpose of Network Security. SMD isadopted to make Smart IC reader smaller in this design. To reduce the volume of Smart ICreader， Serial Port powered technology is employed to get power from the signal line of Serial Port. For this reason， low-power consumption components are adopted in the design and some traditional designs are simplified to reduce the power consumption.Keywords： Card Reader； Single-chip Computer； Serial Port Powered
IC 卡系統(tǒng)保存了加密算法所需要的工作密鑰，供加密算法對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)加密使用，是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的核心。在IC 卡子系統(tǒng)中，讀卡器是一個(gè)重要的部分。它起著管理IC卡、在IC 卡和PC或網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)間傳遞數(shù)據(jù)的重要作用。本文以一片PIC單片機(jī)為核心完成了基于RS232 串口的讀卡器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)。
According to CIBC World Markets, Equity Research, theFlat Panel Display (FPD) industry has achieved sufficientcritical mass for its growth to explode. Thus, it can nowattract the right blend of capital investments and R&Dresources to drive technical innovation toward continuousimprovement in view quality, manufacturing efficiency,and system integration. These in turn are sustainingconsumer interest, penetration, revenue growth, and thepotential for increasing long-term profitability for industryparticipants. CIBC believes that three essential conditionsare now converging to drive the market forward
在現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)中，電話語音的頻帶被限制在300 Hz～4 kHz的范圍內(nèi)，帶來了語音可懂度和自然度的降低。為了在不增加額外成本的前提下提高語音的可懂度和自然度，進(jìn)行了電話語音頻帶擴(kuò)展的研究。提出了一種改進(jìn)的基于碼本映射的語音帶寬擴(kuò)展算法：在碼本映射的過程中，使用加權(quán)系數(shù)來得到映射碼本?？陀^測試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語音的譜失真度比用一般的碼本映射降低至少2%。主觀測試結(jié)果表明，用此算法得到的寬帶語音具有更好的可懂度和自然度。
Abstract:
In modern communication systems， the bandwidth of telephone speech is limited from 300Hz to 4 kHz， which reduces the intelligibility and naturalness of speech. Telephone speech bandwidth extension is researched to get wideband speech and to improve its intelligibility and naturalness， without increasing extra costs. This paper put forward an improved algorithm of speech bandwidth extension based on codebook mapping. In the process of codebook mapping， weighted coefficients were used to get mapping codebook. Objective tests show that spectral distortion of wideband speech obtained by this algorithm reduces at least 2%， comparing to conditional codebook mapping. Subjective tests show that the wideband speech obtained by this algorithm has better intelligibility and naturalness.
According to CIBC World Markets, Equity Research, theFlat Panel Display (FPD) industry has achieved sufficientcritical mass for its growth to explode. Thus, it can nowattract the right blend of capital investments and R&Dresources to drive technical innovation toward continuousimprovement in view quality, manufacturing efficiency,and system integration. These in turn are sustainingconsumer interest, penetration, revenue growth, and thepotential for increasing long-term profitability for industryparticipants. CIBC believes that three essential conditionsare now converging to drive the market forward
磁芯電感器的諧波失真分析 摘 要：簡述了改進(jìn)鐵氧體軟磁材料比損耗系數(shù)和磁滯常數(shù)ηB，從而降低總諧波失真THD的歷史過程，分析了諸多因數(shù)對(duì)諧波測量的影響，提出了磁心性能的調(diào)控方向。 關(guān)鍵詞：比損耗系數(shù)， 磁滯常數(shù)ηB ，直流偏置特性DC-Bias，總諧波失真THD Analysis on THD of the fer rite co res u se d i n i nductancShi Yan Nanjing Finemag Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210033 Abstract: Histrory of decreasing THD by improving the ratio loss coefficient and hysteresis constant of soft magnetic ferrite is briefly narrated. The effect of many factors which affect the harmonic wave testing is analysed. The way of improving the performance of ferrite cores is put forward. Key words: ratio loss coefficient，hysteresis constant，DC-Bias，THD 近年來，變壓器生產(chǎn)廠家和軟磁鐵氧體生產(chǎn)廠家，在電感器和變壓器產(chǎn)品的總諧波失真指標(biāo)控制上，進(jìn)行了深入的探討和廣泛的合作，逐步弄清了一些似是而非的問題。從工藝技術(shù)上采取了不少有效措施，促進(jìn)了質(zhì)量問題的迅速解決。本文將就此熱門話題作一些粗淺探討。 一、 歷史回顧 總諧波失真（Total harmonic distortion） ，簡稱THD，并不是什么新的概念，早在幾十年前的載波通信技術(shù)中就已有嚴(yán)格要求<1>。1978年郵電部公布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)YD/Z17－78“載波用鐵氧體罐形磁心”中，規(guī)定了高μQ材料制作的無中心柱配對(duì)罐形磁心詳細(xì)的測試電路和方法。如圖一電路所示，利用LC組成的150KHz低通濾波器在高電平輸入的情況下測量磁心產(chǎn)生的非線性失真。這種相對(duì)比較的實(shí)用方法，專用于無中心柱配對(duì)罐形磁心的諧波衰耗測試。 這種磁心主要用于載波電報(bào)、電話設(shè)備的遙測振蕩器和線路放大器系統(tǒng)，其非線性失真有很嚴(yán)格的要求。
圖中 ZD —— QF867 型阻容式載頻振蕩器，輸出阻抗 150Ω， Ld47 —— 47KHz 低通濾波器，阻抗 150Ω，阻帶衰耗大于61dB， Lg88 ——并聯(lián)高低通濾波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次諧波衰耗大于61dB Ld88 ——并聯(lián)高低通濾波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次諧波衰耗大于61dB FD —— 30～50KHz 放大器， 阻抗 150Ω， 增益不小于 43 dB，三次諧波衰耗b3(0)≥91 dB, DP —— Qp373 選頻電平表，輸入高阻抗， L ——被測無心罐形磁心及線圈， C ——聚苯乙烯薄膜電容器CMO-100V-707APF±0.5%,二只。
測量時(shí)，所配用線圈應(yīng)用絲包銅電磁線SQJ9×0.12(JB661-75)在直徑為16.1mm的線架上繞制 120 匝， （線架為一格） ， 其空心電感值為 318μH（誤差1％） 被測磁心配對(duì)安裝好后，先調(diào)節(jié)振蕩器頻率為 36.6～40KHz， 使輸出電平值為+17.4 dB， 即選頻表在 22′端子測得的主波電平 （P2）為+17.4 dB，然后在33′端子處測得輸出的三次諧波電平（P3）， 則三次諧波衰耗值為：b3(+2)= P2+S+ P3 式中：S 為放大器增益dB 從以往的資料引證， 就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)諧波失真的測量是一項(xiàng)很精細(xì)的工作，其中測量系統(tǒng)的高、低通濾波器，信號(hào)源和放大器本身的三次諧波衰耗控制很嚴(yán)，阻抗必須匹配，薄膜電容器的非線性也有相應(yīng)要求。濾波器的電感全由不帶任何磁介質(zhì)的大空心線圈繞成，以保證本身的“潔凈” ，不至于造成對(duì)磁心分選的誤判。 為了滿足多路通信整機(jī)的小型化和穩(wěn)定性要求， 必須生產(chǎn)低損耗高穩(wěn)定磁心。上世紀(jì) 70 年代初，1409 所和四機(jī)部、郵電部各廠，從工藝上改變了推板空氣窯燒結(jié)，出窯后經(jīng)真空罐冷卻的落后方式，改用真空爐，并控制燒結(jié)、冷卻氣氛。技術(shù)上采用共沉淀法攻關(guān)試制出了μQ乘積 60 萬和 100 萬的低損耗高穩(wěn)定材料，在此基礎(chǔ)上，還實(shí)現(xiàn)了高μ7000～10000材料的突破，從而大大縮短了與國外企業(yè)的技術(shù)差異。當(dāng)時(shí)正處于通信技術(shù)由FDM（頻率劃分調(diào)制）向PCM（脈沖編碼調(diào)制） 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)期， 日本人明石雅夫發(fā)表了μQ乘積125 萬為 0.8×10 ，100KHz）的超優(yōu)鐵氧體材料<3>，其磁滯系數(shù)降為優(yōu)鐵
OSERL (Open SMPP Erlang Library) is an erlang implementation of the Short Message Peer to Peer protocol, covering the entire specification (version 5.0). forward and backward compatibilities guidelines were adopted.
Rotating shafts experience a an elliptical motion called whirl. It is important to decompose this motion into a forward and backward whil orbits. The current function makes use of two sensors to generate a bi-directional spectrogram. The method can be extended to any time-frequency distribution
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％ compute the forward/backward Campbell/specgtrogram
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％ INPUT:
％ y (n x 2) each column is measured from a different sensor
％ ///////
％ __
％ |s1| y(:,1)
％ |__|
％ __
％ / \ ________|/
％ | | | s2 |/ y(:,2)
％ \____/ --------|/
％
％ Fs Sampling frequnecy
％
％ OUTPUT:
％ B spectrogram/Campbel diagram
％ x x-axis coordinate vector (time or Speed)
％ y y-axis coordinate vector (frequency [Hz])
