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軟件無線電(SDR，Software Defined Radio)由于具備傳統無線電技術無可比擬的優越性，已成為業界公認的現代無線電通信技術的發展方向。理想的軟件無線電系統強調體系結構的開放性和可編程性，減少靈活性著的硬件電路，把數字化處理(ADC和DAC)盡可能靠近天線，通過軟件的更新改變硬件的配置、結構和功能。目前，直接對射頻(RF)進行采樣的技術尚未實現普及的產品化，而用數字變頻器在中頻進行數字化是普遍采用的方法，其主要思想是，數字混頻器用離散化的單頻本振信號與輸入采樣信號在乘法器中相乘，再經插值或抽取濾波，其結果是，輸入信號頻譜搬移到所需頻帶，數據速率也相應改變，以供后續模塊做進一步處理。數字變頻器在發射設備和接收設備中分別稱為數字上變頻器(DUC，Digital Upper Converter)和數字下變頻器(DDC，Digital Down Converter)，它們是軟件無線電通信設備的關鍵部什。大規模可編程邏輯器件的應用為現代通信系統的設計帶來極大的靈活性。基于FPGA的數字變頻器設計是深受廣大設計人員歡迎的設計手段。本文的重點研究是數字下變頻器(DDC)，然而將它與數字上變頻器(DUC)完全割裂后進行研究顯然是不妥的，因此，本文對數字上變頻器也作適當介紹。 第一章簡要闡述了軟件無線電及數字下變頻的基本概念，介紹了研究背景及所完成的主要研究工作。 第二章介紹了數控振蕩器(NCO)，介紹了兩種實現方法，即基于查找表和基于CORDIC算法的實現。對CORDIc算法作了重點介紹，給出了傳統算法和改進算法，并對基于傳統CORDIC算法的NCO的FPGA實現進行了EDA仿真。 第三章介紹了變速率采樣技術，重點介紹了軟件無線電中廣泛采用的級聯積分梳狀濾波器 (cascaded integratot comb， CIC)和ISOP(Interpolated Second Order Polynomial)補償法，對前者進行了基于Matlab的理論仿真和FPGA實現的EDA仿真，后者只進行了基于Matlab的理論仿真。 第四章介紹了分布式算法和軟件無線電中廣泛采用的半帶(half-band，HB)濾波器，對基于分布式算法的半帶濾波器的FPGA實現進行了EDA仿真，最后簡要介紹了FIR的多相結構。 第五章對數字下變頻器系統進行了噪聲綜合分析，給出了一個噪聲模型。 第六章介紹了數字下變頻器在短波電臺中頻數字化應用中的一個實例，給出了測試結果，重點介紹了下變頻器的：FPGA實現，其對應的VHDL程序收錄在本文最后的附錄中，希望對從事該領域設計的技術人員具有一定參考價值。
上傳時間： 2013-06-09
上傳用戶：szchen2006
The MAX2870 ultra-wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) and voltagecontrol oscillator (VCO) can operate in both integer-N and fractional-Nmodes, similar to the Analog Devices ADF4350 wideband synthesizer.This application note compares the MAX2870 and ADF4350 registers andloop filter design in detail. Users who already familiar with ADF4350 canuse this application note as a quick design reference.
上傳時間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶：變形金剛
The MAX2691 low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed forGPS L2 applications. Designed in Maxim’s advancedSiGe process, the device achieves high gain andlow noise figure while maximizing the input-referred 1dBcompression point and the 3rd-order intercept point. TheMAX2691 provides a high gain of 17.5dB and sub 1dBnoise figure.
標簽： Amplifier Low-Noise 2691 Band
上傳時間： 2014-12-04
上傳用戶：zaocan888
設計了水聲信號發生系統中的功率放大電路，可將前級電路產生的方波信號轉換為正弦信號，同時進行濾波、功率放大，使其滿足換能器對輸入信號的要求。該電路以單片機AT89C52，集成6階巴特沃思低通濾波芯片MF6以及大功率運算放大器LM12為核心，通過標準RS232接口與PC進行通信，實現信號增益的程控調節，對干擾信號具有良好的抑制作用。經調試該電路工作穩定正常，輸出波形無失真，在輸出功率以及放大增益、波紋系數等方面均滿足設計要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has no distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：qwe1234
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
標簽： Converters Defini DAC
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：stvnash
分析了調幅信號和載波信號之間的相位差與調制信號的極性的對應關系,得出了相敏檢波電路輸出電壓的極性與調制信號的極性有對應關系的結論。為了驗證相敏檢波電路的這一特性,給出3 個電路方案,分別選用理想元件和實際元件,采用Multisim 對其進行仿真實驗,直觀形象地演示了相敏檢波電路的鑒相特性,是傳統的實際操作實驗所不可比擬的。關鍵詞:相敏檢波;鑒相特性;Multisim;電路仿真 Abstract : The corresponding relation between modulation signal polarity and difference phases of amplitudemodulated signal and the carrier signal ,the polarity of phase2sensitive detecting circuit output voltage and the polarity of modulation signal are correspondent . In order to verify this characteristic ,three elect ric circuit s plans are produced ,idea element s and actual element s are selected respectively. Using Multisim to carry on a simulation experiment ,and then demonst rating the phase detecting characteristic of the phase sensitive circuit vividly and directly. Which is t raditional practical experience cannot be com pared.Keywords :phase sensitive detection ;phase2detecting characteristic ;Multisim;circuit simulation
上傳時間： 2013-11-23
上傳用戶：guanhuihong
OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUIT COLLECTION AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE BIAS SUPPLY 1Provides an output voltage of 0V to +80V for reverse biasingan avalanche photodiode to control its gain. This circuit canalso be reconfigured to supply a 0V to –80V output.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–1This is a bridge-tied load (BTL) linear amplifier for drivinga thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It operates on a single +5Vsupply and can drive ±2A into a common TEC.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–2This is very similar to DRIVER–1 but its power output stagewas modified to operate from a single +3.3V supply in orderto increase its efficiency. Driving this amplifier from astandard +2.5V referenced signal causes the output transistorsto have unequal power dissipation.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–3This BTL TEC driver power output stage achieves very highefficiency by swinging very close to its supply rails, ±2.5V.This driver can also drive ±2A into a common TEC. Operationis shown with the power output stage operating on±1.5V supplies. Under these conditions, this linear amplifiercan achieve very high efficiency. Application ReportThe following collection of analog circuits may be useful in electro-optics applications such as optical networkingsystems. This page summarizes their salient characteristics.
上傳時間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶：落花無痕
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
上傳時間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶：han_zh
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上傳時間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶：busterman
Many complex systems—such as telecom equipment,memory modules, optical systems, networking equipment,servers and base stations—use FPGAs and otherdigital ICs that require multiple voltage rails that muststart up and shut down in a specific order, otherwise theICs can be damaged. The LTC®2924 is a simple andcompact solution to power supply sequencing in a 16-pinSSOP package (see Figures 1 and 2).
上傳時間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：tonyshao
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