USB接口控制器參考設(shè)計(jì),xilinx提供VHDL代碼 usb xilinx vhdl ; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ; (at your option) any later version. ; ; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ; GNU General Public License for more details. ; ; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ; Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-12
上傳用戶：windgate
In today’s world of modular networking and telecommunications design, it is becomingincreasingly difficult to keep alignment with the many different and often changing interfaces,both inter-board and intra-board. Each manufacturer has their own spin on the way in whichdevices are connected. To satisfy the needs of our customers, we must be able to support alltheir interface requirements. For us to be able to make products for many customers, we mustadopt a modular approach to the design. This modularity is the one issue that drives the majorproblem of shifting our bits from one modular interface to another.
標(biāo)簽： 150 WP 兆兆 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-25
上傳用戶：suicone
Abstract: The number of uses for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is growing—they allow us todo jobs once considered impossible. This tutorial explains the applications for MEMS and the increasingneed to provide precision control and drivers for these devices. Design and manufacturing considerationsare also discussed.
標(biāo)簽： MEMS 微機(jī)電系統(tǒng) 控制驅(qū)動(dòng)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：paladin
This book evolved over the past ten years from a set of lecture notes developed while teaching the undergraduate Algorithms course at Berkeley and U.C. San Diego. Our way of teaching this course evolved tremendously over these years in a number of directions, partly to address our students' background (undeveloped formal skills outside of programming), and partly to reect the maturing of the eld in general, as we have come to see it. The notes increasingly crystallized into a narrative, and we progressively structured the course to emphasize the ?story line? implicit in the progression of the material. As a result, the topics were carefully selected and clustered. No attempt was made to be encyclopedic, and this freed us to include topics traditionally de-emphasized or omitted from most Algorithms books.
標(biāo)簽： Algorithms 算法
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-11
上傳用戶：JamesB
注:1.這篇文章斷斷續(xù)續(xù)寫了很久,畫圖技術(shù)也不精,難免錯(cuò)漏,大家湊合看.有問題可以留言. 2.論壇排版把我的代碼縮進(jìn)全弄沒了,大家將代碼粘貼到arduino編譯器,然后按ctrl+T重新格式化代碼格式即可看的舒服. 一、什么是PWM PWM 即Pulse Wavelength Modulation 脈寬調(diào)制波，通過調(diào)整輸出信號(hào)占空比，從而達(dá)到改 變輸出平均電壓的目的。相信Arduino 的PWM 大家都不陌生，在Arduino Duemilanove 2009 中，有6 個(gè)8 位精度PWM 引腳，分別是3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 腳。我們可以使用analogWrite()控 制PWM 腳輸出頻率大概在500Hz 的左右的PWM 調(diào)制波。分辨率8 位即2 的8 次方等于 256 級(jí)精度。但是有時(shí)候我們會(huì)覺得6 個(gè)PWM 引腳不夠用。比如我們做一個(gè)10 路燈調(diào)光， 就需要有10 個(gè)PWM 腳。Arduino Duemilanove 2009 有13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸出腳，如果它們都可以 PWM 的話，就能滿足條件了。于是本文介紹用軟件模擬PWM。 二、Arduino 軟件模擬PWM Arduino PWM 調(diào)壓原理：PWM 有好幾種方法。而Arduino 因?yàn)殡娫春蛯?shí)現(xiàn)難度限制，一般 使用周期恒定，占空比變化的單極性PWM。 通過調(diào)整一個(gè)周期里面輸出腳高/低電平的時(shí)間比（即是占空比）去獲得給一個(gè)用電器不同 的平均功率。 如圖所示，假設(shè)PWM 波形周期1ms（即1kHz），分辨率1000 級(jí)。那么需要一個(gè)信號(hào)時(shí)間 精度1ms/1000=1us 的信號(hào)源，即1MHz。所以說，PWM 的實(shí)現(xiàn)難點(diǎn)在于需要使用很高頻的 信號(hào)源，才能獲得快速與高精度。下面先由一個(gè)簡單的PWM 程序開始： const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 255; i++) { if(i < bright) { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(30); } else { digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(30); } } } 這是一個(gè)軟件PWM 控制Arduino D13 引腳的例子。只需要一塊Arduino 即可測試此代碼。 程序解析：由for 循環(huán)可以看出，完成一個(gè)PWM 周期，共循環(huán)255 次。 假設(shè)bright=100 時(shí)候，在第0~100 次循環(huán)中，i 等于1 到99 均小于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 高電平； 然后第100 到255 次循環(huán)里面，i 等于100~255 大于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 低電平。無 論輸出高低電平都保持30us。 那么說，如果bright=100 的話，就有100 次循環(huán)是高電平，155 次循環(huán)是低電平。 如果忽略指令執(zhí)行時(shí)間的話，這次的PWM 波形占空比為100/255，如果調(diào)整bright 的值， 就能改變接在D13 的LED 的亮度。 這里設(shè)置了每次for 循環(huán)之后，將bright 加一，并且當(dāng)bright 加到255 時(shí)歸0。所以，我們 看到的最終效果就是LED 慢慢變亮，到頂之后然后突然暗回去重新變亮。 這是最基本的PWM 方法，也應(yīng)該是大家想的比較多的想法。 然后介紹一個(gè)簡單一點(diǎn)的。思維風(fēng)格完全不同。不過對于驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)LED 來說，效果與上面 的程序一樣。 const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(bright*30); digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds((255 - bright)*30); if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; } 可以看出，這段代碼少了一個(gè)For 循環(huán)。它先輸出一個(gè)高電平，然后維持(bright*30)us。然 后輸出一個(gè)低電平，維持時(shí)間((255-bright)*30)us。這樣兩次高低就能完成一個(gè)PWM 周期。 分辨率也是255。 三、多引腳PWM Arduino 本身已有PWM 引腳并且運(yùn)行起來不占CPU 時(shí)間，所以軟件模擬一個(gè)引腳的PWM 完全沒有實(shí)用意義。我們軟件模擬的價(jià)值在于：他能將任意的數(shù)字IO 口變成PWM 引腳。 當(dāng)一片Arduino 要同時(shí)控制多個(gè)PWM，并且沒有其他重任務(wù)的時(shí)候，就要用軟件PWM 了。 多引腳PWM 有一種下面的方式： int brights[14] = {0}; //定義14個(gè)引腳的初始亮度，可以隨意設(shè)置 int StartPWMPin = 0, EndPWMPin = 13; //設(shè)置D0~D13為PWM 引腳 int PWMResolution = 255; //設(shè)置PWM 占空比分辨率 void setup() { //定義所有IO 端輸出 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { pinMode(i, OUTPUT); //隨便定義個(gè)初始亮度,便于觀察 brights[ i ] = random(0, 255); } } void loop() { //這for 循環(huán)是為14盞燈做漸亮的。每次Arduino loop()循環(huán)， //brights 自增一次。直到brights=255時(shí)候，將brights 置零重新計(jì)數(shù)。 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { if((brights[i]++) == PWMResolution) brights[i] = 0; } for(int i = 0; i <= PWMResolution; i++) //i 是計(jì)數(shù)一個(gè)PWM 周期 { for(int j = StartPWMPin; j <= EndPWMPin; j++) //每個(gè)PWM 周期均遍歷所有引腳 { if(i < brights[j])\ 所以我們要更改PWM 周期的話，我們將精度（代碼里面的變量：PWMResolution）降低就行，比如一般調(diào)整LED 亮度的話，我們用64 級(jí)精度就行。這樣速度就是2x32x64=4ms。就不會(huì)閃了。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-08
上傳用戶：dingdingcandy
This document was developed under the Standard Hardware and Reliability Program (SHARP) TechnologyIndependent Representation of Electronic Products (TIREP) project. It is intended for use by VHSIC HardwareDescription Language (VHDL) design engineers and is offered as guidance for the development of VHDL modelswhich are compliant with the VHDL Data Item Description (DID DI-EGDS-80811) and which can be providedto manufacturing engineering personnel for the development of production data and the subsequent productionof hardware. Most VHDL modeling performed to date has been concentrated at either the component level orat the conceptual system level. The assembly and sub-assembly levels have been largely disregarded. Under theSHARP TIREP project, an attempt has been made to help close this gap. The TIREP models are based upon lowcomplexity Standard Electronic Modules (SEM) of the format A configuration. Although these modules are quitesimple, it is felt that the lessons learned offer guidance which can readily be applied to a wide range of assemblytypes and complexities.
標(biāo)簽： Modelling Guide Navy VHDL
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：pzw421125
USB接口控制器參考設(shè)計(jì),xilinx提供VHDL代碼 usb xilinx vhdl ; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ; (at your option) any later version. ; ; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ; GNU General Public License for more details. ; ; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ; Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：zhouchang199
注:1.這篇文章斷斷續(xù)續(xù)寫了很久,畫圖技術(shù)也不精,難免錯(cuò)漏,大家湊合看.有問題可以留言. 2.論壇排版把我的代碼縮進(jìn)全弄沒了,大家將代碼粘貼到arduino編譯器,然后按ctrl+T重新格式化代碼格式即可看的舒服. 一、什么是PWM PWM 即Pulse Wavelength Modulation 脈寬調(diào)制波，通過調(diào)整輸出信號(hào)占空比，從而達(dá)到改 變輸出平均電壓的目的。相信Arduino 的PWM 大家都不陌生，在Arduino Duemilanove 2009 中，有6 個(gè)8 位精度PWM 引腳，分別是3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 腳。我們可以使用analogWrite()控 制PWM 腳輸出頻率大概在500Hz 的左右的PWM 調(diào)制波。分辨率8 位即2 的8 次方等于 256 級(jí)精度。但是有時(shí)候我們會(huì)覺得6 個(gè)PWM 引腳不夠用。比如我們做一個(gè)10 路燈調(diào)光， 就需要有10 個(gè)PWM 腳。Arduino Duemilanove 2009 有13 個(gè)數(shù)字輸出腳，如果它們都可以 PWM 的話，就能滿足條件了。于是本文介紹用軟件模擬PWM。 二、Arduino 軟件模擬PWM Arduino PWM 調(diào)壓原理：PWM 有好幾種方法。而Arduino 因?yàn)殡娫春蛯?shí)現(xiàn)難度限制，一般 使用周期恒定，占空比變化的單極性PWM。 通過調(diào)整一個(gè)周期里面輸出腳高/低電平的時(shí)間比（即是占空比）去獲得給一個(gè)用電器不同 的平均功率。 如圖所示，假設(shè)PWM 波形周期1ms（即1kHz），分辨率1000 級(jí)。那么需要一個(gè)信號(hào)時(shí)間 精度1ms/1000=1us 的信號(hào)源，即1MHz。所以說，PWM 的實(shí)現(xiàn)難點(diǎn)在于需要使用很高頻的 信號(hào)源，才能獲得快速與高精度。下面先由一個(gè)簡單的PWM 程序開始： const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 255; i++) { if(i < bright) { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(30); } else { digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(30); } } } 這是一個(gè)軟件PWM 控制Arduino D13 引腳的例子。只需要一塊Arduino 即可測試此代碼。 程序解析：由for 循環(huán)可以看出，完成一個(gè)PWM 周期，共循環(huán)255 次。 假設(shè)bright=100 時(shí)候，在第0~100 次循環(huán)中，i 等于1 到99 均小于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 高電平； 然后第100 到255 次循環(huán)里面，i 等于100~255 大于bright，于是輸出PWMPin 低電平。無 論輸出高低電平都保持30us。 那么說，如果bright=100 的話，就有100 次循環(huán)是高電平，155 次循環(huán)是低電平。 如果忽略指令執(zhí)行時(shí)間的話，這次的PWM 波形占空比為100/255，如果調(diào)整bright 的值， 就能改變接在D13 的LED 的亮度。 這里設(shè)置了每次for 循環(huán)之后，將bright 加一，并且當(dāng)bright 加到255 時(shí)歸0。所以，我們 看到的最終效果就是LED 慢慢變亮，到頂之后然后突然暗回去重新變亮。 這是最基本的PWM 方法，也應(yīng)該是大家想的比較多的想法。 然后介紹一個(gè)簡單一點(diǎn)的。思維風(fēng)格完全不同。不過對于驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)LED 來說，效果與上面 的程序一樣。 const int PWMPin = 13; int bright = 0; void setup() { pinMode(PWMPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(PWMPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(bright*30); digitalWrite(PWMPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds((255 - bright)*30); if((bright++) == 255) bright = 0; } 可以看出，這段代碼少了一個(gè)For 循環(huán)。它先輸出一個(gè)高電平，然后維持(bright*30)us。然 后輸出一個(gè)低電平，維持時(shí)間((255-bright)*30)us。這樣兩次高低就能完成一個(gè)PWM 周期。 分辨率也是255。 三、多引腳PWM Arduino 本身已有PWM 引腳并且運(yùn)行起來不占CPU 時(shí)間，所以軟件模擬一個(gè)引腳的PWM 完全沒有實(shí)用意義。我們軟件模擬的價(jià)值在于：他能將任意的數(shù)字IO 口變成PWM 引腳。 當(dāng)一片Arduino 要同時(shí)控制多個(gè)PWM，并且沒有其他重任務(wù)的時(shí)候，就要用軟件PWM 了。 多引腳PWM 有一種下面的方式： int brights[14] = {0}; //定義14個(gè)引腳的初始亮度，可以隨意設(shè)置 int StartPWMPin = 0, EndPWMPin = 13; //設(shè)置D0~D13為PWM 引腳 int PWMResolution = 255; //設(shè)置PWM 占空比分辨率 void setup() { //定義所有IO 端輸出 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { pinMode(i, OUTPUT); //隨便定義個(gè)初始亮度,便于觀察 brights[ i ] = random(0, 255); } } void loop() { //這for 循環(huán)是為14盞燈做漸亮的。每次Arduino loop()循環(huán)， //brights 自增一次。直到brights=255時(shí)候，將brights 置零重新計(jì)數(shù)。 for(int i = StartPWMPin; i <= EndPWMPin; i++) { if((brights[i]++) == PWMResolution) brights[i] = 0; } for(int i = 0; i <= PWMResolution; i++) //i 是計(jì)數(shù)一個(gè)PWM 周期 { for(int j = StartPWMPin; j <= EndPWMPin; j++) //每個(gè)PWM 周期均遍歷所有引腳 { if(i < brights[j])\ 所以我們要更改PWM 周期的話，我們將精度（代碼里面的變量：PWMResolution）降低就行，比如一般調(diào)整LED 亮度的話，我們用64 級(jí)精度就行。這樣速度就是2x32x64=4ms。就不會(huì)閃了。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：mqien
In today’s IT environment, Java is a leading technology in the world of enterprise development. As management demands more from technology, complexity in infrastructure seems to grow exponentially, leaving many unable to keep up with the demands of such a fast-paced world. These complexities can be seen in the over-evolving Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) specifications. This unnecessary complexity drove us to discover ways of simplifying development.
標(biāo)簽： environment development enterprise technology
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-24
上傳用戶：Zxcvbnm
21天學(xué)會(huì)用JAVA開發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲 書籍語言： 簡體中文 書籍類型： 程序設(shè)計(jì) 授權(quán)方式： 免費(fèi)軟件 書籍大?。?287 KB 書籍等級(jí)： 整理時(shí)間： 2004-11-3 20:41:10 With all of the media attention that is focused on the Internet and the World Wide Web, figuring out exactly what they are all about is sometimes difficult. Are they just a neat new way to market products or will they truly offer us a new medium of communication that will someday surpass even televisions and telephones? The answer is, who knows? Unfortunately, the ultimate use for the Internet is still unknown. This is because it is still in such a state of flux that it s pretty much impossible to accurately predict where it will end up. However, you can look at the evidence of what is there now and gain some insight into what the Internet might become, at least in terms of games.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-20
上傳用戶：天誠24
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