微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置
四川理工學(xué)院 劉鵬飛、梁天德、曾學(xué)明
摘要：
本設(shè)計(jì)以TI的Launch Pad為核心板，采用鎖相放大技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)并制作了一套微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置，用以檢測(cè)在強(qiáng)噪聲背景下已知頻率微弱正弦波信號(hào)的幅度值，并在液晶屏上數(shù)字顯示出所測(cè)信號(hào)相應(yīng)的幅度值。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示其抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，測(cè)量精度高。
關(guān)鍵詞：強(qiáng)噪聲；微弱信號(hào)；鎖相放大；Launch Pad
Abstract:
This design is based on the Launch Pad of TI core board, using a lock-in amplifier technique designed and produced a weak signal detection device, to measure the known frequency sine wave signal amplitude values of the weak in the high noise background, and shows the measured signal amplitude of the corresponding value in the liquid crystal screen. Test results showed that it has high accuracy and strong anti-jamming capability.
Keywords: weak signal detection; lock-in-amplifier; Launch Pad
1、引言
隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在科研與生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中人們?cè)絹?lái)越需要從復(fù)雜高強(qiáng)度的噪聲中檢測(cè)出有用的微弱信號(hào)，因此對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)成為當(dāng)前科研的熱點(diǎn)。微弱信號(hào)并不意味著信號(hào)幅度小，而是指被噪聲淹沒(méi)的信號(hào)，“微弱”也僅是相對(duì)于噪聲而言的。只有在有效抑制噪聲的條件下有選擇的放大微弱信號(hào)的幅度，才能提取出有用信號(hào)。微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛，在生物醫(yī)學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、材料科學(xué)等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域顯得愈發(fā)重要。
2、方案論證
針對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的檢測(cè)的方法有很多，比如濾波法、取樣積分器、鎖相放大器等。下面就針對(duì)這幾種方法做一簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。
方案一：濾波法。
在大部分的檢測(cè)儀器中都要用到濾波方法對(duì)模擬信號(hào)進(jìn)行一定的處理，例如隔離直流分量，改善信號(hào)波形，防止離散化時(shí)的波形混疊，克服噪聲的不利影響，提高信噪比等。常用的噪聲濾波器有：帶通、帶阻、高通、低通等。但是濾波方法檢測(cè)信號(hào)不能用于信號(hào)頻譜與噪聲頻譜重疊的情況，有其局限性。雖然可以對(duì)濾波器的通頻帶進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，但其噪聲抑制能力有限，同時(shí)其準(zhǔn)確性與穩(wěn)定性將大打折扣。
鎖定放大是微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)的重要手段?；谙嚓P(guān)檢測(cè)理論，利用開(kāi)關(guān)電容的開(kāi)關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)鎖定放大器中乘法器的功能，提出開(kāi)關(guān)電容和積分器相結(jié)合以實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)檢測(cè)的方法，并設(shè)計(jì)出一種鎖定放大器。該鎖定放大器將微弱信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為與之相關(guān)的方波，通過(guò)后續(xù)電路得到正比于被測(cè)信號(hào)的直流電平，為后續(xù)采集處理提供方便。測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)表明鎖定放大器前級(jí)可將10-6 A的電流轉(zhuǎn)換為10-1 V的電壓，后級(jí)通過(guò)帶通濾波器級(jí)聯(lián)可將信號(hào)放大1×105倍。該方法在降低噪聲的同時(shí)，可對(duì)微弱信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大，線性度較高、穩(wěn)定性較好。
Abstract:
lock-in Amplifying（LIA）is one of important means for weak signal detection. Based on cross-correlation detection theory， switch in the swithched capacitor was used as multiplier of LIA， and a new method of correlation detection was proposed combining swithched capacitor with integrator. A kind of LIA was designed which can convert the weak signal to square-wave， then DC proportional to measured signal was obtained through follow-up conditioning circuit， providing convenience for signal acquisition and processing. The measured data shows that the electric current（10-6 A） can be changed into voltage（10-1 V） by LIA， and the signal is magnified 1×105 times by cascade band-pass filter. The noise is suppressed and the weak signal is amplified. It has the advantages of good linearity and stability.
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About:
hamsterdb is a database engine written in ANSI C. It supports a B+Tree index structure, uses memory mapped I/O (if available), supports cursors, and can create in-memory databases.
Release focus: Major feature enhancements
Changes:
This release comes with many changes and new features. It can manage multiple databases in one file. A new flag (HAM_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE) places an exclusive lock on the file. hamsterdb was ported to Windows CE, and the Solution file for Visual Studio 2005 now supports builds for x64. Several minor bugs were fixed, performance was improved, and small API changes occurred. Pre-built libraries for Windows (32-bit and 64-bit) are available for download.
Author:
cruppstahl
If you have programming experience and a familiarity with C--the dominant language in embedded systems--Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition is exactly what you need to get started with embedded software. This software is ubiquitous, hidden away inside our watches, DVD players, mobile phones, anti-lock brakes, and even a few toasters. The military uses embedded software to guide missiles, detect enemy aircraft, and pilot UAVs. Communication satellites, deep-space probes, and many medical instruments would have been nearly impossible to create without embedded software.
