普通GPS接收機(jī)在特殊環(huán)境下，如在高樓林立的城市中心，林木遮擋的森林公路，特別是在隧道和室內(nèi)環(huán)境的情況下，由于衛(wèi)星信號(hào)非常微弱，載噪比（Carrier noise Ratio，C/no）通常都在34dB-Hz以下，很難有效捕獲到衛(wèi)星信號(hào)，導(dǎo)致無(wú)法正常定位。惡劣條件下的定位有廣闊的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用前景，特別是在交通事故、火災(zāi)和地震等極端環(huán)境下，快速準(zhǔn)確定位當(dāng)事者所處位置對(duì)于降低事態(tài)損失和營(yíng)救受傷者是極為重要的。歐美和日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家也都制定了相應(yīng)的提高惡劣條件下高靈敏度定位能力的發(fā)展政策。而高靈敏度GPS接收機(jī)定位的關(guān)鍵在于GPS微弱信號(hào)的處理。 本課題的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容是針對(duì)GPS微弱信號(hào)改進(jìn)處理方法。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)GPS接收機(jī)信號(hào)捕獲中的串行搜索方法提出了基于批處理的微弱信號(hào)捕獲方法,來(lái)提高低信噪比情況下微弱信號(hào)的捕獲能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)快速高靈敏度的準(zhǔn)確捕獲；針對(duì)捕獲微弱信號(hào)處理大量數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)致的運(yùn)算量激增，運(yùn)用雙塊零拓展(Double Block Zero Padding，DBZP)處理方法減少運(yùn)算量同時(shí)縮短捕獲時(shí)間。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)GPS接收機(jī)延遲鎖相環(huán)跟蹤算法提出了基于卡爾曼濾波的新型捕獲算法，減小延遲鎖相環(huán)失鎖造成的信號(hào)跟蹤丟失概率，來(lái)提高惡劣環(huán)境下低信噪比信號(hào)的跟蹤能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)微弱信號(hào)的連續(xù)可靠跟蹤。通過(guò)提高GPS微弱信號(hào)的捕獲與跟蹤能力，進(jìn)而使GPS接收機(jī)在惡劣環(huán)境下衛(wèi)星信號(hào)微弱時(shí)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)較好的定位與導(dǎo)航。 通過(guò)擬合GPS接收機(jī)實(shí)際接收到的原始數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)造出不同載噪比的數(shù)字信號(hào)，分別對(duì)提出的針對(duì)微弱信號(hào)的捕獲與跟蹤算法進(jìn)行仿真比較驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果表明，對(duì)接收機(jī)后端信號(hào)處理部分作出的算法改進(jìn)使得GPS接收機(jī)可以更好的處理微弱信號(hào)，并且具有較高的靈敏度和精度。文章同時(shí)針對(duì)提出的數(shù)據(jù)處理特征使用FPGA技術(shù)對(duì)算法主要的數(shù)據(jù)處理部分進(jìn)行了初步的構(gòu)架實(shí)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行了板級(jí)驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果表明，利用FPGA技術(shù)可以較好的實(shí)現(xiàn)算法的數(shù)據(jù)處理功能。文章最后給出了結(jié)論，通過(guò)提出的基于批處理和基于DBZP方法的捕獲算法以及基于卡爾曼濾波的信號(hào)跟蹤算法，可以有效地解決微弱GPS信號(hào)處理的難題，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)微弱信號(hào)環(huán)境下的定位與導(dǎo)航。
標(biāo)簽： FPGA GPS 信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)處理
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶：變形金剛
QFN SMT工藝設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo).pdf 一、基本介紹 QFN（Quad Flat no Lead）是一種相對(duì)比較新的IC封裝形式，但由于其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，其應(yīng)用得到了快速的增長(zhǎng)。QFN是一種無(wú)引腳封裝，它有利于降低引腳間的自感應(yīng)系數(shù)，在高頻領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。QFN外觀呈正方形或矩形，大小接近于CSP，所以很薄很輕。元件底部具有與底面水平的焊端，在中央有一個(gè)大面積裸露焊端用來(lái)導(dǎo)熱，圍繞大焊端的外圍四周有實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣連接的I/O焊端，I/O焊端有兩種類型：一種只裸露出元件底部的一面，其它部分被封裝在元件內(nèi)；另一種焊端有裸露在元件側(cè)面的部分。 QFN采用周邊引腳方式使PCB布線更靈活，中央裸露的銅焊端提供了良好的導(dǎo)熱性能和電性能。這些特點(diǎn)使QFN在某些對(duì)體積、重量、熱性能、電性能要求高的電子產(chǎn)品中得到了重用。 由于QFN是一種較新的IC封裝形式，IPC-SM-782等PCB設(shè)計(jì)指南上都未包含相關(guān)內(nèi)容，本文可以幫助指導(dǎo)用戶進(jìn)行QFN的焊盤設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì)。但需要說(shuō)明的是本文只是提供一些基本知識(shí)供參考，用戶需要在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，優(yōu)化焊盤設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì)方案，以取得令人滿意的焊接效果
標(biāo)簽： QFN SMT 工藝 設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶：吳之波123
FEATURES Unique 1-Wire interface requires only one port pin for communication Multidrop capability simplifies distributed temperature sensing applications Requires no external components Can be powered from data line. Power supply range is 3.0V to 5.5V Zero standby power required Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +257°F ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C Thermometer resolution is programmable from 9 to 12 bits Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms (max.) User-definable, nonvolatile temperature alarm settings Alarm search command identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition) Applications include thermostatic controls, industrial systems, consumer products, thermometers, or any thermally sensitive system
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-08-04
上傳用戶：CHENKAI
]本文介紹了如何利用CPLD(復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件)與單片機(jī)的結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)并行I／\r\no(輸入／輸出)接口的擴(kuò)展。該設(shè)計(jì)與用8255做并行I／O接口相比，與單片機(jī)軟件完全兼容，\r\n同時(shí)擁有速度快，功耗低，價(jià)格便宜，使用靈活等特點(diǎn)
標(biāo)簽： CPLD 如何利用 單片機(jī) 并行
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-08-14
上傳用戶：xa_lgy
Abstract: Alexander Graham Bell patented twisted pair wires in 1881. We still use them today because they work so well. In addition we have the advantage ofincredible computer power within our world. Circuit simulators and filter design programs are available for little or no cost. We combine the twisted pair and lowpassfilters to produce spectacular rejection of radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). We also illustrate use of a precision resistorarray to produce a customizable differential amplifier. The precision resistors set the gain and common mode rejection ratios, while we choose the frequencyresponse.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-11-26
上傳用戶：Vici
Recently a new technology for high voltage Power MOSFETshas been introduced – the CoolMOS™ . Based on thenew device concept of charge compensation the RDS(on) areaproduct for e.g. 600V transistors has been reduced by afactor of 5. The devices show no bipolar current contributionlike the well known tail current observed during the turn-offphase of IGBTs. CoolMOS™ virtually combines the lowswitching losses of a MOSFET with the on-state losses of anIGBT.
標(biāo)簽： COOLMOS
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zhyiroy
This unique guide to designing digital VLSI circuits takes a top-down approach, reflecting the natureof the design process in industry. Starting with architecture design, the book explains the why andhow of digital design, using the physics that designers need to know, and no more.Covering system and component aspects, design verification, VHDL modelling, clocking, signalintegrity, layout, electricaloverstress, field-programmable logic, economic issues, and more, thescope of the book is singularly comprehensive.
標(biāo)簽： Integrated Digital Circuit Design
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-04
上傳用戶：life840315
This publication represents the largest LTC commitmentto an application note to date. no other application noteabsorbed as much effort, took so long or cost so much.This level of activity is justified by our belief that high speedmonolithic amplifiers greatly interest users.
標(biāo)簽： 高速放大器
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-07
上傳用戶：wfl_yy
Sensors for pressure, load, temperature, acceleration andmany other physical quantities often take the form of aWheatstone bridge. These sensors can be extremely linearand stable over time and temperature. However, mostthings in nature are only linear if you don’t bend them toomuch. In the case of a load cell, Hooke’s law states that thestrain in a material is proportional to the applied stress—as long as the stress is nowhere near the material’s yieldpoint (the “point of no return” where the material ispermanently deformed).
標(biāo)簽： Delta Sigma ADC 測(cè)量技術(shù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：墻角有棵樹
設(shè)計(jì)了水聲信號(hào)發(fā)生系統(tǒng)中的功率放大電路，可將前級(jí)電路產(chǎn)生的方波信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為正弦信號(hào)，同時(shí)進(jìn)行濾波、功率放大，使其滿足換能器對(duì)輸入信號(hào)的要求。該電路以單片機(jī)AT89C52，集成6階巴特沃思低通濾波芯片MF6以及大功率運(yùn)算放大器LM12為核心，通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)RS232接口與PC進(jìn)行通信，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)增益的程控調(diào)節(jié)，對(duì)干擾信號(hào)具有良好的抑制作用。經(jīng)調(diào)試該電路工作穩(wěn)定正常，輸出波形無(wú)失真，在輸出功率以及放大增益、波紋系數(shù)等方面均滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has no distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：qwe1234
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