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上傳時間: 2013-07-24
上傳用戶:zaizaibang
H.264/AVC是ITU與ISO/IEC(International Standard Organization/Intemational Electrotechnical Commission國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織/國際電工委員會)聯(lián)合推出的活動圖像編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為最新的國際視頻編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn),H.264/AVC與MPEG-4、H.263等視頻編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比,性能有了很大提高,并已在流媒體、數(shù)字電視、電話會議、視頻存儲等諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。基于上下文的自適應(yīng)二進制算術(shù)編碼(Conrext-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding,CABAC)是H.264/AVC的兩個熵編碼方案之一,相對于另一熵編碼方案-CAVLC(基于上下文的自適應(yīng)可變長編碼),CABAC具有更高的數(shù)據(jù)壓縮率:在同等編碼質(zhì)量下要比CAVLC提高10%~15%的壓縮率。CABAC能實現(xiàn)很高的數(shù)據(jù)壓縮率,但這是以增加實現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜性為代價的。在已有的硬件實現(xiàn)方法上,CABAC的解碼效率并不高。 論文在深入研究CABAC解碼算法及其實現(xiàn)流程,并在仔細(xì)分析了H.264/AVC碼流結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出了影響CABAC解碼效率的各個環(huán)節(jié),并以此為出發(fā)點,對CABAC解碼所需中的各個功能模塊進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,設(shè)計出一種新的CABAC解碼器結(jié)構(gòu),相對于一般的CABAC解碼器,它的解碼效率得到了顯著提高。論文針對影響CABAC解碼過程的"瓶頸"問題一多次訪問存儲部件影響解碼速率,提出了新的存儲組織方式,并根據(jù)CABAC的碼流結(jié)構(gòu)特性,采用4個子解碼器級聯(lián)的方式來進一步提高解碼速率。 最后,用Verilog語言對所設(shè)計的CABAC解碼器進行了描述,用EDA軟件對其進行了仿真,并在FPGA上驗證了其功能,結(jié)果顯示,該CABAC解碼器結(jié)構(gòu)顯著提高了解碼效率,能夠滿足高檔次實時通訊的要求。
上傳時間: 2013-07-03
上傳用戶:huazi
視頻圖像處理的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛,各種處理算法也日趨成熟,相關(guān)的硬件技術(shù)不斷地推陳出新。視頻圖像處理系統(tǒng)的硬件實現(xiàn)一般來說有三種方式:數(shù)字信號處理器(Digital Signal Processor)、專用集成芯片(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)和現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯門陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array)以及相關(guān)電路組成。最近幾年,隨著電子設(shè)計自動化(Electronic Design Automation)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,使得基于FPGA的可編程片上系統(tǒng)(System On a Programmable Chip)逐漸成為嵌入式系統(tǒng)。應(yīng)用的一種趨勢。特別地,在視頻圖像處理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中,數(shù)據(jù)量大,要求處理速度快,靈活性高,F(xiàn)PGA有其獨特的優(yōu)勢。鑒于此,本文對基于FPGA和SOPC技術(shù)的視頻圖像處理系統(tǒng)進行了研究。 本文介紹了Xilinx公司FPGA的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能特點,以及可編程片上系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)工具和片內(nèi)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計流程。根據(jù)視頻信號的相關(guān)知識,編寫了視頻圖像處理IP核,構(gòu)建了視頻圖像處理系統(tǒng)。整個系統(tǒng)以FPGA為核心器件,內(nèi)嵌PowerPC405處理器模塊,通過ⅡC總線完成視頻解碼芯片的初始化,總體上實現(xiàn)了對視頻圖像信號的采集、處理、存儲和顯示。 本文最后對系統(tǒng)進行了調(diào)試。經(jīng)過實驗驗證,系統(tǒng)能正確和可靠地工作。整個系統(tǒng)的邏輯資源消耗占FPGA的百分之十幾,剩余的資源可以做許多硬件算法或其它方面的應(yīng)用。
標(biāo)簽: 視頻圖像 處理系統(tǒng)
上傳時間: 2013-05-24
上傳用戶:kaka
隨著多媒體技術(shù)的發(fā)展,數(shù)字圖像處理已經(jīng)成為眾多應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的核心和基礎(chǔ)。它的發(fā)展主要依賴于兩個性質(zhì)不同、自成體系但又緊密相關(guān)的研究領(lǐng)域:圖像處理算法及其相應(yīng)的電路實現(xiàn)。圖像處理系統(tǒng)的硬件實現(xiàn)—般有三種方式:專用的圖像處理器件集成芯片(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)、數(shù)字信號處理器(Digital Signal Process)和現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array)以及相關(guān)電路組成。它們可以實時高速完成各種圖像處理算法。圖像處理中,低層的圖像預(yù)處理的數(shù)據(jù)量很大,要求處理速度快,但運算結(jié)果相對比較簡單。相對于其他兩種方式,基于FPGA的圖像處理方式的系統(tǒng)更適合于圖像的預(yù)處理。本文設(shè)計了—種基于FPGA的小波域圖像去噪系統(tǒng)。首先,闡述了基于小波變換的圖像去噪算法原理,重點討論了小波鄰域閾值(NeighShrink)去噪算法,并給出了該算法相應(yīng)的Matlab 仿真;然后,為了改進鄰域閾值去噪算法中對每個分解子帶都采用相同鄰域和閾值的缺點,本文提出了基于最小二乘支持向量機(LS-SVM)分類的鄰域閾值去噪算法和以斯坦無偏估計 (SURE)為準(zhǔn)則同時結(jié)合小波系數(shù)尺度間關(guān)系的鄰域閾值去噪算法。經(jīng)Matlab實驗表明,相比于其他幾種經(jīng)典算法,本文提出的兩種改進算法在濾除噪聲的同時能更好地保護圖像細(xì)節(jié),并在較高噪聲情況下能獲得更高的峰值信噪比。在此基礎(chǔ)上本文將提出的改進小波鄰域閾值去噪算法進行了相應(yīng)的簡化,以滿足低噪聲處理要求且易于在FPGA上實現(xiàn);最后,給出了基于 FPGA的小波鄰域閾值去噪系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和FPGA內(nèi)部各功能模塊的具體實現(xiàn)方案,包括二維離散小波變換模塊、二維離散小波逆變換模塊、SDRAM存儲器控制模塊、去噪計算模塊和系統(tǒng)核心控制模塊,并對各個系統(tǒng)模塊和整體進行了仿真驗證,結(jié)果表明本文設(shè)計的基于FPGA 的小波鄰域閾值去噪系統(tǒng)能滿足實際的圖像處理要求,具有一定的理論和實際應(yīng)用價值。關(guān)鍵詞:圖像處理系統(tǒng),F(xiàn)PGA,圖像去噪算法,小波變換
上傳時間: 2013-05-16
上傳用戶:450976175
FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)是目前廣泛使用的一種可編程器件,F(xiàn)PGA的出現(xiàn)使得ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuits)產(chǎn)品的上市周期大大縮短,并且節(jié)省了大量的開發(fā)成本。目前FPGA的功能越來越強大,滿足了目前集成電路發(fā)展的新需求,但是其結(jié)構(gòu)同益復(fù)雜,規(guī)模也越來越大,內(nèi)部資源的種類也R益豐富,但同時也給測試帶來了困難,F(xiàn)PGA的發(fā)展對測試的要求越來越高,對FPGA測試的研究也就顯得異常重要。 本文的主要工作是提出一種開關(guān)盒布線資源的可測性設(shè)計,通過在FPGA內(nèi)部加入一條移位寄存器鏈對開關(guān)盒進行配置編程,使得開關(guān)盒布線資源測試時間和測試成本減少了99%以上,而且所增加的芯片面積僅僅在5%左右,增加的邏輯資源對FPGA芯片的使用不會造成任何影響,這種方案采用了小規(guī)模電路進行了驗證,取得了很好的結(jié)果,是一種可行的測試方案。 本文的另一工作是采用一種FPGA邏輯資源的測試算法對自主研發(fā)的FPGA芯片F(xiàn)DP250K的邏輯資源進行了嚴(yán)格、充分的測試,從FPGA最小的邏輯單元LC開始,首先得到一個LC的測試配置,再結(jié)合SLICE內(nèi)部兩個LC的連接關(guān)系得到一個SLICE邏輯單元的4種測試配置,并且采用陣列化的測試方案,同時測試芯片內(nèi)部所有的邏輯單元,使得FPGA內(nèi)部的邏輯資源得完全充分的測試,測試的故障覆蓋率可達100%,測試配置由配套編程工具產(chǎn)生,測試取得了完滿的結(jié)果。
上傳時間: 2013-06-29
上傳用戶:Thuan
本文論述了狀態(tài)機的verilog編碼風(fēng)格,以及不同編碼風(fēng)格的優(yōu)缺點,Steve Golson's 1994 paper, "State Machine Design Techniques for Verilog and VHDL" [1], is agreat paper on state machine design using Verilog, VHDL and Synopsys tools. Steve's paper alsooffers in-depth background concerning the origin of specific state machine types.This paper, "State Machine Coding Styles for Synthesis," details additional insights into statemachine design including coding style approaches and a few additional tricks.
標(biāo)簽: Synthesis Machine Coding Styles
上傳時間: 2013-10-15
上傳用戶:dancnc
Abstract: Perfection is relative and application specific. The perfect race car is not the car we use to commute to work. We need products for everyday use that are high quality, affordable, and solidly reliable. There will be times when we must use components that are not perfect, and this is when calibration becomes important. Calibration techniques reduce tolerances in imperfect manufacturing equipment while maintaining affordability.
標(biāo)簽: 校準(zhǔn)
上傳時間: 2013-10-09
上傳用戶:哈哈hah
Who has never experienced oscillations issues when using an operational amplifier? Opampsare often used in a simple voltage follower configuration. However, this is not the bestconfiguration in terms of capacitive loading and potential risk of oscillations.Capacitive loads have a big impact on the stability of operational amplifier-basedapplications. Several compensation methods exist to stabilize a standard op-amp. Thisapplication note describes the most common ones, which can be used in most cases.The general theory of each compensation method is explained, and based on this, specific
標(biāo)簽: 半導(dǎo)體 運放 穩(wěn)定性
上傳時間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:chenbhdt
The Reactor design pattern handles service requests that are delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. Each service in an application may consist of serveral methods and is represented by a separate event handler that is responsible for dispatching service-specific requests.
上傳時間: 2013-10-15
上傳用戶:libinxny
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
標(biāo)簽: Rogers Radio John Freq
上傳時間: 2014-12-23
上傳用戶:han_zh
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