We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation,
phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation
communications systems.We study the performance of a standard
CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to
the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and
size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear
least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise
ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO
estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive
an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability.
This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO
estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results
also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in
the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE
on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
標簽：
frequency-offset
estimation
quadrature
amplitude
上傳時間：
2014-01-22
上傳用戶：牛布牛
Core Java 2 Volume I - Fundamentals, Seventh Edition
Completely revised and up-to-date coverage of
Generic programming, restrictions and limitations, type bounds, wilcard types, and generic reflection
Swing GUI development, including input validation and other enhancements
Exception handling and debugging, including chained exceptions, stack frames, assertions, and logging
Streams and files, the new I/O API, memory-mapped files, file locking, and character set encoders/decoders
Regular expressions using the powerful java.util.regex package
Inner classes, reflection, and dynamic proxies
Application packaging and the Preferences API
標簽：
Fundamentals
Completely
up-to-date
coverage
上傳時間：
2016-01-02
上傳用戶：標點符號
thinkinjava2English
Thinking in Java,
2nd Edition, Release 11
To be published by Prentice-Hall mid-June, 2000
Bruce Eckel, President,
MindView, Inc.
Planet PDF brings you the Portable Document
Format (PDF) version of Thinking in Java (2nd
Edition). Planet PDF is the premier PDF-related
site on the web. There is news, software, white
papers, interviews, product reviews, Web links,
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標簽：
thinkinjava2English
Prentice-Hall
published
Thinking
上傳時間：
2014-01-15
上傳用戶：ANRAN
