The Circuit Designer’s Companion second edition Tim Williams
標(biāo)簽： Designers Companion Circuit PCB
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-04
上傳用戶(hù)：fredguo
Integrated EMI/Thermal Design forSwitching Power SuppliesWei ZhangThesis submitted to the Faculty of theVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Integrated EMI/Thermal Design forSwitching Power SuppliesWei Zhang(ABSTRACT)This work presents the modeling and analysis of EMI and thermal performancefor switch power supply by using the CAD tools. The methodology and design guidelinesare developed.By using a boost PFC circuit as an example, an equivalent circuit model is builtfor EMI noise prediction and analysis. The parasitic elements of circuit layout andcomponents are extracted analytically or by using CAD tools. Based on the model, circuitlayout and magnetic component design are modified to minimize circuit EMI. EMI filtercan be designed at an early stage without prototype implementation.In the second part, thermal analyses are conducted for the circuit by using thesoftware Flotherm, which includes the mechanism of conduction, convection andradiation. Thermal models are built for the components. Thermal performance of thecircuit and the temperature profile of components are predicted. Improved thermalmanagement and winding arrangement are investigated to reduce temperature.In the third part, several circuit layouts and inductor design examples are checkedfrom both the EMI and thermal point of view. Insightful information is obtained.
標(biāo)簽： EMI 開(kāi)關(guān)電源 英文
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-10
上傳用戶(hù)：1595690
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
標(biāo)簽： pci PCB 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-15
上傳用戶(hù)：busterman
In this paper, two types of MMIC voltage controlled oscillators have been successfully demonstrated. The first chip with single tuning diode shows the excellent tuning linearity. The second chip with two tuning diodes can improve the tuning bandwidth.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶(hù)：xjz632
在深入了解Flash存儲(chǔ)器的基礎(chǔ)上，采用單片機(jī)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)存儲(chǔ)器無(wú)效塊。主要通過(guò)讀取每一塊的第1、第2頁(yè)內(nèi)容，判斷該塊的好壞，并給出具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程，以及部分關(guān)鍵的電路原理圖和C語(yǔ)言程序代碼。該設(shè)計(jì)最終實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)Flash壞塊的功能，并通過(guò)讀取ID號(hào)檢測(cè)Flash的性能，同時(shí)該設(shè)計(jì)能夠存儲(chǔ)和讀取1GB數(shù)據(jù)。 Abstract: On the basis of in-depth understanding the Flash chips，this paper designs a new program which using the SCM to detect the invalid block.Mainly through reading the data of the first and second page to detect the invalid block.Specific implementation procedure was given,and the key circuit schematic diagram and C language program code was introduced.This design achieved the function of using the MCU checks the invalid block finally，and increased the function by reading the ID number of Flash to get the performance of the memory.And the design also can write and read1GB data
標(biāo)簽： Flash 單片機(jī) 存儲(chǔ)器 自動(dòng)檢測(cè)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-25
上傳用戶(hù)：taozhihua1314
What is New in C51 Version 8.18[Device Support]Added debug support for the NXP P89LPC9408 in the LPC900 EPM Emulator/Programmer.[New Supported Device]Nuvoton W681308 device.[New Supported Device]NXP P89LPC9201, P89LPC9211, P89LPC922A1, P89LPC9241, P89LPC9251, P89LPC9301, P89LPC931A1, P89LPC9331, P89LPC9341, and P89LPC9351 devices.[New Supported Device]SiLabs C8051F500, C8051F501, C8051F504, C8051F505, C8051F506, C8051F507, C8051F508, C8051F509, C8051F510, and C8051F511 devices.[ULINK2 Support]Corrected potential deadlock on ST uPSD targets.[Device Simulation]Corrected simulation of Infineon XC800 MDU.[Device Simulation]Corrected behaviour of EXFn and TOGn on SiLabs C8051F12x/F13x devices.[Device Simulation]Added simulation for Atmel AT89C51RE2, including simulation of second UART.[Cx51 Compiler]Corrected failed initialization on far addresses when the object is located with _at_. 本資料僅供學(xué)習(xí)評(píng)估之用,請(qǐng)勿用于商業(yè)用途!請(qǐng)?jiān)趯W(xué)習(xí)評(píng)估24小時(shí)內(nèi)刪除.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶(hù)：panpanpan
The C500 microcontroller family usually provides only one on-chip synchronous serialchannel (SSC). If a second SSC is required, an emulation of the missing interface mayhelp to avoid an external hardware solution with additional electronic components.The solution presented in this paper and in the attached source files emulates the mostimportant SSC functions by using optimized SW routines with a performance up to 25KBaud in Slave Mode with half duplex transmission and an overhead less than 60% atSAB C513 with 12 MHz. Due to the implementation in C this performance is not the limitof the chip. A pure implementation in assembler will result in a strong reduction of theCPU load and therefore increase the maximum speed of the interface. In addition,microcontrollers like the SAB C505 will speed up the interface by a factor of two becauseof an optimized architecture compared with the SAB C513.Moreover, this solution lays stress on using as few on-chip hardware resources aspossible. A more excessive consumption of those resources will result in a highermaximum speed of the emulated interface.Due to the restricted performance of an 8 bit microcontroller a pin compatible solution isprovided only; the internal register based programming interface is replaced by a set ofsubroutine calls.The attached source files also contain a test shell, which demonstrates how to exchangeinformation between an on-chip HW-SSC and the emulated SW-SSC via 5 external wiresin different operation modes. It is based on the SAB C513 (Siemens 8 bit microcontroller).A table with load measurements is presented to give an indication for the fraction of CPUperformance required by software for emulating the SSC.
標(biāo)簽： synchronous Emulating serial
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-01-31
上傳用戶(hù)：z1191176801
Internal Interrupts are used to respond to asynchronous requests from a certain part of themicrocontroller that needs to be serviced. Each peripheral in the TriCore as well as theBus Control Unit, the Debug Unit, the Peripheral Control Processor (PCP) and the CPUitself can generate an Interrupt Request.So what is an external Interrupt?An external Interrupt is something alike as the internal Interrupt. The difference is that anexternal Interrupt request is caused by an external event. Normally this would be a pulseon Port0 or Port1, but it can be even a signal from the input buffer of the SSC, indicatingthat a service is requested.The User’s Manual does not explain this aspect in detail so this ApNote will explain themost common form of an external Interrupt request. This ApNote will show that there is aneasy way to react on a pulse on Port0 or Port1 and to create with this impulse an InterruptService Request. Later in the second part of the document, you can find hints on how todebounce impulses to enable the use of a simple switch as the input device.Note: You will find additional information on how to setup the Interrupt System in theApNote “First steps through the TriCore Interrupt System” (AP3222xx)1. It would gobeyond the scope of this document to explain this here, but you will find selfexplanatoryexamples later on.
標(biāo)簽： Exter easy work with
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶(hù)：zhangyigenius
The Infineon TriCore provides an Interrupt System with a high safety standard. Thisdocument contains some instructions on how to initiate an Interrupt from an externaldevice. First it will show you how to trigger an Interrupt Service Request by an impulseon Port 0 or Port 1. Then in the second part of the document you can find hints how todebounce impulses to enable the use of a simple switch as input device.Authors: Thomas Bliem, CQ Nguyen / Infineon SMI MD Apps
標(biāo)簽： TriCore 外部設(shè)備 中斷 微控制器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-05
上傳用戶(hù)：uuuuuuu
微處理器及微型計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 第一代微處理器是以Intel公司1971年推出的4004，4040為代表的四位微處理機(jī)。 第二代微處理機(jī)（1973年~1977年），典型代表有：Intel 公司的8080、8085；Motorola公司的M6800以及Zlog公司的Z80。 第三代微處理機(jī) 第三代微機(jī)是以16位機(jī)為代表，基本上是在第二代微機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的。其中Intel公司的8088。8086是在8085的基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來(lái)的；M68000是Motorola公司在M6800 的基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來(lái)的； 第四代微處理機(jī) 以Intel公司1984年10月推出的80386CPU和1989年4月推出的80486CPU為代表， 第五代微處理機(jī)的發(fā)展更加迅猛，1993年3月被命名為PENTIUM的微處理機(jī)面世，98年P(guān)ENTIUM 2又被推向市場(chǎng)。 INTEL CPU 發(fā)展歷史Intel第一塊CPU 4004,4位主理器,主頻108kHz,運(yùn)算速度0.06MIPs(Million Instructions Per second, 每秒百萬(wàn)條指令),集成晶體管2,300個(gè),10微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存640 bytes,生產(chǎn)曰期1971年11月. 8085,8位主理器,主頻5M,運(yùn)算速度0.37MIPs,集成晶體管6,500個(gè),3微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存64KB,生產(chǎn)曰期1976年 8086,16位主理器,主頻4.77/8/10MHZ,運(yùn)算速度0.75MIPs,集成晶體管29,000個(gè),3微米制造工藝,最大尋址內(nèi)存1MB,生產(chǎn)曰期1978年6月. 80486DX,DX2,DX4,32位主理器,主頻25/33/50/66/75/100MHZ,總線頻率33/50/66MHZ,運(yùn)算速度20~60MIPs,集成晶體管1.2M個(gè),1微米制造工藝,168針PGA,最大尋址內(nèi)存4GB,緩存8/16/32/64KB,生產(chǎn)曰期1989年4月 Celeron一代, 主頻266/300MHZ(266/300MHz w/o L2 cache, Covington芯心 (Klamath based),300A/333/366/400/433/466/500/533MHz w/128kB L2 cache, Mendocino核心 (Deschutes-based), 總線頻率66MHz,0.25微米制造工藝,生產(chǎn)曰期1998年4月) Pentium 4 (478針),至今分為三種核心:Willamette核心(主頻1.5G起,FSB400MHZ,0.18微米制造工藝),Northwood核心(主頻1.6G~3.0G,FSB533MHZ,0.13微米制造工藝, 二級(jí)緩存512K),Prescott核心(主頻2.8G起,FSB800MHZ,0.09微米制造工藝,1M二級(jí)緩存,13條全新指令集SSE3),生產(chǎn)曰期2001年7月. 更大的緩存、更高的頻率、 超級(jí)流水線、分支預(yù)測(cè)、亂序執(zhí)行超線程技術(shù) 微型計(jì)算機(jī)組成結(jié)構(gòu)單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介單片機(jī)即單片機(jī)微型計(jì)算機(jī)，是將計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī)(CPU、 內(nèi)存和I/O接口)集成在一小塊硅片上的微型機(jī)。 三、計(jì)算機(jī)編程語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展概況 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言就是0，1碼語(yǔ)言，是計(jì)算機(jī)唯一能理解并直接執(zhí)行的語(yǔ)言。匯編語(yǔ)言 用一些助記符號(hào)代替用0，1碼描述的某種機(jī)器的指令系統(tǒng)，匯編語(yǔ)言就是在此基礎(chǔ)上完善起來(lái)的。高級(jí)語(yǔ)言 BASIC，PASCAL，C語(yǔ)言等等。用高級(jí)語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的程序稱(chēng)源程序，它們必須通過(guò)編譯或解釋?zhuān)B接等步驟才能被計(jì)算機(jī)處理。 面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言 C++，Java等編程語(yǔ)言是面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z(yǔ)言。 1.3 微型計(jì)算機(jī)中信息的表示及運(yùn)算基礎(chǔ)（一） 十進(jìn)制ND有十個(gè)數(shù)碼：0～9，逢十進(jìn)一。 例 1234.5=1×103 +2×102 +3×101 +4×100 +5×10-1加權(quán)展開(kāi)式以10稱(chēng)為基數(shù)，各位系數(shù)為0～9，10i為權(quán)。 一般表達(dá)式：ND= dn-1×10n-1+dn-2×10n-2 +…+d0×100 +d-1×10-1+… （二） 二進(jìn)制NB兩個(gè)數(shù)碼：0、1, 逢二進(jìn)一。 例 1101.101=1×23+1×22+0×21+1×20+1×2-1+1×2-3 加權(quán)展開(kāi)式以2為基數(shù)，各位系數(shù)為0、1， 2i為權(quán)。 一般表達(dá)式： NB = bn-1×2n-1 + bn-2×2n-2 +…+b0×20 +b-1×2-1+… （三）十六進(jìn)制NH十六個(gè)數(shù)碼0～9、A～F，逢十六進(jìn)一。 例：DFC.8=13×162 +15×161 +12×160 +8×16-1 展開(kāi)式以十六為基數(shù)，各位系數(shù)為0～9，A～F，16i為權(quán)。 一般表達(dá)式： NH= hn-1×16n-1+ hn-2×16n-2+…+ h0×160+ h-1×16-1+… 二、不同進(jìn)位計(jì)數(shù)制之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 （二）二進(jìn)制與十六進(jìn)制數(shù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 24=16 ，四位二進(jìn)制數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)一位十六進(jìn)制數(shù)。舉例：（三）十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成二、十六進(jìn)制數(shù)整數(shù)、小數(shù)分別轉(zhuǎn)換 1.整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換法“除基取余”：十進(jìn)制整數(shù)不斷除以轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)制基數(shù)，直至商為0。每除一次取一個(gè)余數(shù)，從低位排向高位。舉例： 2. 小數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換法“乘基取整”：用轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)制的基數(shù)乘以小數(shù)部分，直至小數(shù)為0或達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)換精度要求的位數(shù)。每乘一次取一次整數(shù)，從最高位排到最低位。舉例： 三、帶符號(hào)數(shù)的表示方法 機(jī)器數(shù)：機(jī)器中數(shù)的表示形式。真值： 機(jī)器數(shù)所代表的實(shí)際數(shù)值。舉例:一個(gè)8位機(jī)器數(shù)與它的真值對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下： 真值： X1=+84=+1010100B X2=-84= -1010100B 機(jī)器數(shù)：[X1]機(jī)= 01010100 [X2]機(jī)= 11010100(二)原碼、反碼、補(bǔ)碼最高位為符號(hào)位，0表示 “+”，1表示“－”。 數(shù)值位與真值數(shù)值位相同。 例 8位原碼機(jī)器數(shù)： 真值： x1 = +1010100B x2 =－ 1010100B 機(jī)器數(shù)： [x1]原 = 01010100 [x2]原 = 11010100原碼表示簡(jiǎn)單直觀,但0的表示不唯一，加減運(yùn)算復(fù)雜。 正數(shù)的反碼與原碼表示相同。 負(fù)數(shù)反碼符號(hào)位為 1，數(shù)值位為原碼數(shù)值各位取反。 例 8位反碼機(jī)器數(shù)： x= +4： [x]原= 00000100 [x]反= 00000100 x= -4： [x]原= 10000100 [x]反= 111110113、補(bǔ)碼（Two’s Complement）正數(shù)的補(bǔ)碼表示與原碼相同。 負(fù)數(shù)補(bǔ)碼等于2n－abs（x）8位機(jī)器數(shù)表示的真值四、 二進(jìn)制編碼例：求十進(jìn)制數(shù)876的BCD碼 876= 1000 0111 0110 BCD 876= 36CH = 1101101100B 2、字符編碼 美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信息交換碼ASCII碼，用于計(jì)算 機(jī)與計(jì)算機(jī)、計(jì)算機(jī)與外設(shè)之間傳遞信息。 3、漢字編碼 “國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信息交換用漢字編碼”（GB2312-80標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)國(guó)標(biāo)碼。 用兩個(gè)七位二進(jìn)制數(shù)編碼表示一個(gè)漢字 例如“巧”字的代碼是39H、41H漢字內(nèi)碼例如“巧”字的代碼是0B9H、0C1H1·4 運(yùn)算基礎(chǔ) 一、二進(jìn)制數(shù)的運(yùn)算加法規(guī)則：“逢2進(jìn)1” 減法規(guī)則：“借1當(dāng)2” 乘法規(guī)則：“逢0出0，全1出1”二、二—十進(jìn)制數(shù)的加、減運(yùn)算 BCD數(shù)的運(yùn)算規(guī)則 循十進(jìn)制數(shù)的運(yùn)算規(guī)則“逢10進(jìn)1”。但計(jì)算機(jī)在進(jìn)行這種運(yùn)算時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)潛在的錯(cuò)誤。為了解決BCD數(shù)的運(yùn)算問(wèn)題，采取調(diào)整運(yùn)算結(jié)果的措施：即“加六修正”和“減六修正”例：10001000(BCD)+01101001(BCD) =000101010111(BCD) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ＋ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 ＋ 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 ……調(diào)整 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 進(jìn)位 例： 10001000(BCD)－ 01101001(BCD)= 00011001(BCD) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 － 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 － 0 1 1 0 ……調(diào)整 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 三、 帶符號(hào)二進(jìn)制數(shù)的運(yùn)算 1.5 幾個(gè)重要的數(shù)字邏輯電路編碼器譯碼器計(jì)數(shù)器微機(jī)自動(dòng)工作的條件程序指令順序存放自動(dòng)跟蹤指令執(zhí)行1.6 微機(jī)基本結(jié)構(gòu)微機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)各部分組成連接方式1、以CPU為中心的雙總線結(jié)構(gòu)；2、以?xún)?nèi)存為中心的雙總線結(jié)構(gòu)；3、單總線結(jié)構(gòu)CPU結(jié)構(gòu)管腳特點(diǎn) 1、多功能；2、分時(shí)復(fù)用內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 1、控制; 2、運(yùn)算; 3、寄存器; 4、地址程序計(jì)數(shù)器堆棧定義 1、定義；2、管理；3、堆棧形式
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶(hù)：erkuizhang
蟲(chóng)蟲(chóng)下載站版權(quán)所有 京ICP備2021023401號(hào)-1
