現(xiàn)代的電子設(shè)計(jì)和芯片制造技術(shù)正在飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜度、時(shí)鐘和總線頻率等等都呈快速上升趨勢(shì)，但系統(tǒng)的電壓卻不斷在減小，所有的這一切加上產(chǎn)品投放市場的時(shí)間要求給設(shè)計(jì)師帶來了前所未有的巨大壓力。要想保證產(chǎn)品的一次性成功就必須能預(yù)見設(shè)計(jì)中可能出現(xiàn)的各種問題，并及時(shí)給出合理的解決方案，對(duì)于高速的數(shù)字電路來說，最令人頭大的莫過于如何確保瞬時(shí)跳變的數(shù)字信號(hào)通過較長的一段傳輸線，還能完整地被接收，并保證良好的電磁兼容性，這就是目前頗受關(guān)注的信號(hào)完整性（SI）問題。本章就是圍繞信號(hào)完整性的問題，讓大家對(duì)高速電路有個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí)，并介紹一些相關(guān)的基本概念。 第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報(bào)方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對(duì)信號(hào)完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報(bào)方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號(hào)的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報(bào)方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號(hào)的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對(duì)串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號(hào)的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對(duì)回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時(shí)序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時(shí)序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時(shí)序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時(shí)序約束條件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步時(shí)序系統(tǒng).......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步時(shí)序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由來...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 與SPICE 的比較.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的構(gòu)成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相關(guān)工具及鏈接..............................................................................120第八章 高速設(shè)計(jì)理論在實(shí)際中的運(yùn)用.............................................................1228.1 疊層設(shè)計(jì)方案...........................................................................................1228.2 過孔對(duì)信號(hào)傳輸?shù)挠绊?..........................................................................1278.3 一般布局規(guī)則...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技術(shù)...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走線策略............................................................................................134
標(biāo)簽： 信號(hào)完整性
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-05-15
上傳用戶：dudu1210004
第一部分 信號(hào)完整性知識(shí)基礎(chǔ).................................................................................5第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報(bào)方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對(duì)信號(hào)完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報(bào)方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號(hào)的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報(bào)方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號(hào)的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對(duì)串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號(hào)的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對(duì)回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時(shí)序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時(shí)序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時(shí)序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時(shí)序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設(shè)計(jì)的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統(tǒng)......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動(dòng)布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設(shè)計(jì)的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓?fù)淠０弪?qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)...................................................................2313.4.4 時(shí)序驅(qū)動(dòng)布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................2323.4.6 設(shè)計(jì)后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進(jìn)階運(yùn)用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號(hào)完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)前和設(shè)計(jì)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設(shè)置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點(diǎn)...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運(yùn)用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號(hào)的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進(jìn)行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進(jìn)行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號(hào)完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對(duì)傳輸線進(jìn)行設(shè)置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進(jìn)行串?dāng)_仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進(jìn)一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串?dāng)_仿真..........................................................................309
標(biāo)簽： PCB 內(nèi)存 仿真技術(shù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-04-18
上傳用戶：wpt
電路板布局………………………………………42.1 電源和地…………………………………………………………………….42.1.1 感抗……………………………………………………………………42.1.2 兩層板和四層板………………………………………………………42.1.3 單層板和二層板設(shè)計(jì)中的微處理器地……………………………….42.1.4 信號(hào)返回地……………………………………………………………52.1.5 模擬數(shù)字和高壓…………………………………………………….52.1.6 模擬電源引腳和模擬參考電壓……………………………………….52.1.7 四層板中電源平面因該怎么做和不應(yīng)該怎么做…………………….52.2 兩層板中的電源分配……………………………………………………….62.2.1 單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)分配……………………………………………………….62.2.2 星型分配………………………………………………………………62.2.3 格柵化地……………………………………………………………….72.2.4 旁路和鐵氧體磁珠……………………………………………………92.2.5 使噪聲靠近磁珠……………………………………………………..102.3 電路板分區(qū)………………………………112.4 信號(hào)線……………………………………………………………………...122.4.1 容性和感性串?dāng)_……………………………………………………...122.4.2 天線因素和長度規(guī)則………………………………………………...122.4.3 串聯(lián)終端傳輸線…………………………………………………..132.4.4 輸入阻抗匹配………………………………………………………...132.5 電纜和接插件……………………………………………………………...132.5.1 差模和共模噪聲……………………………………………………...142.5.2 串?dāng)_模型……………………………………………………………..142.5.3 返回線路數(shù)目……………………………………..142.5.4 對(duì)板外信號(hào)I/O的建議………………………………………………142.5.5 隔離噪聲和靜電放電ESD ……………………………………….142.6 其他布局問題……………………………………………………………...142.6.1 汽車和用戶應(yīng)用帶鍵盤和顯示器的前端面板印刷電路板………...152.6.2 易感性布局…………………………………………………………...15
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-10
上傳用戶：dudu1210004
減小電磁干擾的印刷電路板設(shè)計(jì)原則 內(nèi) 容 摘要……1 1 背景…1 1.1 射頻源.1 1.2 表面貼裝芯片和通孔元器件.1 1.3 靜態(tài)引腳活動(dòng)引腳和輸入.1 1.4 基本回路……..2 1.4.1 回路和偶極子的對(duì)稱性3 1.5 差模和共模…..3 2 電路板布局…4 2.1 電源和地…….4 2.1.1 感抗……4 2.1.2 兩層板和四層板4 2.1.3 單層板和二層板設(shè)計(jì)中的微處理器地.4 2.1.4 信號(hào)返回地……5 2.1.5 模擬數(shù)字和高壓…….5 2.1.6 模擬電源引腳和模擬參考電壓.5 2.1.7 四層板中電源平面因該怎么做和不應(yīng)該怎么做…….5 2.2 兩層板中的電源分配.6 2.2.1 單點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)分配.6 2.2.2 星型分配6 2.2.3 格柵化地.7 2.2.4 旁路和鐵氧體磁珠……9 2.2.5 使噪聲靠近磁珠……..10 2.3 電路板分區(qū)…11 2.4 信號(hào)線……...12 2.4.1 容性和感性串?dāng)_……...12 2.4.2 天線因素和長度規(guī)則...12 2.4.3 串聯(lián)終端傳輸線…..13 2.4.4 輸入阻抗匹配...13 2.5 電纜和接插件……...13 2.5.1 差模和共模噪聲……...14 2.5.2 串?dāng)_模型……..14 2.5.3 返回線路數(shù)目..14 2.5.4 對(duì)板外信號(hào)I/O的建議14 2.5.5 隔離噪聲和靜電放電ESD .14 2.6 其他布局問題……...14 2.6.1 汽車和用戶應(yīng)用帶鍵盤和顯示器的前端面板印刷電路板...15 2.6.2 易感性布局…...15 3 屏蔽..16 3.1 工作原理…...16 3.2 屏蔽接地…...16 3.3 電纜和屏蔽旁路………………..16 4 總結(jié)…………………………………………17 5 參考文獻(xiàn)………………………17
標(biāo)簽： 印刷電路板 設(shè)計(jì)原則
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-24
上傳用戶：18165383642
第二章 地線干擾與接地技術(shù)為什么要地線地環(huán)路問題與解決方法公共阻抗耦合問題與解決方法各種接地方法電纜屏蔽層的接地 安全地信號(hào)地地線引發(fā)干擾問題的原因?qū)Ь€的阻抗導(dǎo)線的阻抗金屬條與導(dǎo)線的阻抗比較地線問題－地環(huán)路隔離變壓器光隔離器共模扼流圈的作用平衡電路對(duì)地環(huán)路干擾的抑制地線問題－公共阻抗耦合單點(diǎn)接地對(duì)噪聲的抑制接地方式種類單點(diǎn)接地串聯(lián)單點(diǎn)、并聯(lián)單點(diǎn)混合接地線路板上的地線長地線的阻抗多點(diǎn)接地混合接地
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-30
上傳用戶：tsfh
反激式轉(zhuǎn)換器通常應(yīng)用於具有多個(gè)輸出電壓並要求中低輸出功率的電源。配合采用一個(gè)反激式轉(zhuǎn)換器，多輸出僅增加極少的成本或復(fù)雜度––– 每個(gè)額外的輸出僅要求另一個(gè)變壓器繞組、整流器和輸出濾波電容器。
標(biāo)簽： 反激式控制器 輸出 調(diào)節(jié) 性能
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-22
上傳用戶：3294322651
某些理想的運(yùn)算放大器配置假定反饋電阻器呈現(xiàn)完美的匹配。而實(shí)際上，電阻器的非理想性會(huì)對(duì)各種電路參數(shù)產(chǎn)生影響，例如：共模抑制比 (CMRR)、諧波失真和穩(wěn)定性
標(biāo)簽： 502 DN 精準(zhǔn)放大器 匹配電阻
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：2525775
ADM2582E/ADM2587E是具備±15 kV ESD保護(hù)功能的完全集成式隔離數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)器，適合用于多點(diǎn)傳輸線路上的高速通信應(yīng)用。ADM2582E/ADM2587E包含一個(gè)集成式隔離DC-DC電源，不再需要外部DC/DC隔離模塊。 該器件針對(duì)均衡的傳輸線路而設(shè)計(jì)，符合ANSI TIA/EIA-485-A-98和ISO 8482:1987(E)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 它采用ADI公司的iCoupler®技術(shù)，在單個(gè)封裝內(nèi)集成了一個(gè)三通道隔離器、一個(gè)三態(tài)差分線路驅(qū)動(dòng)器、一個(gè)差分輸入接收器和一個(gè)isoPower DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換器。該器件采用5V或3.3V單電源供電，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了完全集成的信號(hào)和電源隔離RS-485解決方案。 ADM2582E/ADM2587E驅(qū)動(dòng)器帶有一個(gè)高電平有效使能電路，并且還提供一個(gè)高電平接收機(jī)有效禁用電路，可使接收機(jī)輸出進(jìn)入高阻抗?fàn)顟B(tài)。 該器件具備限流和熱關(guān)斷特性，能夠防止輸出短路。 隔離的RS-485/RS-422收發(fā)器，可配置成半雙工或全雙工模式 isoPower™集成式隔離DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換器 在RS-485輸入/輸出引腳上提供±15 kV ESD保護(hù)功能 符合ANSI/TIA/EIA-485-A-98和ISO 8482:1987(E)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ADM2587E數(shù)據(jù)速率： 500 kbps 5 V或3.3V電源供電 總線上擁有256個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) 開路和短路故障安全接收機(jī)輸入 高共模瞬態(tài)抑制能力： >25 kV/μs 熱關(guān)斷保護(hù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶：名爵少年
特點(diǎn)(FEATURES) 精確度0.1%滿刻度 (Accuracy 0.1%F.S.) 可作各式數(shù)學(xué)演算式功能如:A+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi or Lo)/|A| (Math functioA+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi&Lo)/|A|/etc.....) 16 BIT 類比輸出功能(16 bit DAC isolating analog output function) 輸入/輸出1/輸出2絕緣耐壓2仟伏特/1分鐘(Dielectric strength 2KVac/1min. (input/output1/output2/power)) 寬范圍交直流兩用電源設(shè)計(jì)(Wide input range for auxiliary power) 尺寸小,穩(wěn)定性高(Dimension small and High stability)
標(biāo)簽： 微電腦 數(shù)學(xué)演算 輸出 隔離傳送器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-24
上傳用戶：541657925
:設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于單片機(jī)控制的數(shù)控恒流源。數(shù)控恒流源以AT89S52 為控制核心,采用了高共模抑制比低溫漂的運(yùn)算放大器OP07 和達(dá)林頓管TIP122 構(gòu)成恒流源的主體,配以高精度12 bit D/ A 芯片MAX532 以及16 bit A/ D 芯片AD7715 完成單片機(jī)對(duì)輸出電流的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。
標(biāo)簽： 單片機(jī) 恒流源 技術(shù)研究
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-17
上傳用戶：asasasas
蟲蟲下載站版權(quán)所有 京ICP備2021023401號(hào)-1
