Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
標(biāo)簽：
差分電路
單端
模式
上傳時(shí)間：
2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
電路板故障分析
維修方式介紹
ASA維修技術(shù)
ICT維修技術(shù)
沒(méi)有線路圖,無(wú)從修起
電路板太複雜,維修困難
維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技術(shù)不足
無(wú)法維修的死板,廢棄可惜
送電中作動(dòng)態(tài)維修,危險(xiǎn)性極高
備份板太多,積壓資金
送國(guó)外維修費(fèi)用高,維修時(shí)間長(zhǎng)
對(duì)老化零件無(wú)從查起無(wú)法預(yù)先更換
維修速度及效率無(wú)法提升,造成公司負(fù)擔(dān),客戶埋怨
投資大量維修設(shè)備,操作複雜,績(jī)效不彰
標(biāo)簽：
電路板維修
技術(shù)資料
上傳時(shí)間：
2013-11-09
上傳用戶：chengxin
微電腦型單相交流集合式電表（單相二線系統(tǒng)） 特點(diǎn)： 精確度0.25%滿刻度±1位數(shù) 可同時(shí)量測(cè)與顯示交流電壓,電流,頻率,瓦特,(功率因數(shù)/視在功率) 交流電壓,電流,瓦特皆為真正有效值(TRMS) 交流電流,瓦特之小數(shù)點(diǎn)可任意設(shè)定 瓦特單位W或KW可任意設(shè)定 CT比可任意設(shè)定(1至999) 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓 2仟伏特/1分鐘( 突波測(cè)試強(qiáng)度4仟伏特(1.2x50us) 數(shù)位RS-485界面 (Optional) 主要規(guī)格： 精確度: 0.1% F.S.±1 digit (Frequency) 0.25% F.S.±1 digit(ACA,ACV,Watt,VA) 0.25% F.S. ±0.25o(Power Factor) (-.300~+.300) 輸入負(fù)載: <0.2VA (Voltage) <0.2VA (Current) 最大過(guò)載能力: Current related input: 3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. 25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input: maximum 2 x rated continuous 過(guò)載顯示: "doFL" 顯示值范圍: 0~600.0V(Voltage) 0~999.9Hz(Frequency)(<20% for voltage input) 0~19999 digit adjustable(Current,Watt,VA) 取樣時(shí)間: 2 cycles/sec. RS-485通訊位址: "01"-"FF" RS-485傳輸速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通信協(xié)議: Modbus RTU mode 溫度系數(shù): 100ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 顯示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 參數(shù)設(shè)定方式: Touch switches 記憶型式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 絕緣抗阻: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power) 1600 Vdc (input/output) 突波測(cè)試: ANSI c37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 4KV(1.2x50us) 使用環(huán)境條件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認(rèn)證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
標(biāo)簽：
微電腦
單相交流
單相
電表
上傳時(shí)間：
2015-01-03
上傳用戶：幾何公差
