本內(nèi)容匯總了近30個PCB布線知識面試題是PCB工程師必備的知識點總結(jié)，也是面試者需要的知識。如何處理實際布線中的一些理論沖突的問題，在高速設(shè)計中，如何解決信號的完整性問題?差分布線方式是如何實現(xiàn)的?對于只有一個輸出端的時鐘信號線，如何實現(xiàn)差分布線?等問題
上傳時間： 2013-12-15
上傳用戶：asdfasdfd
LVDS(低壓差分信號)標準ANSI/TIA /E IA26442A22001廣泛應(yīng)用于許多接口器件和一些ASIC及FPGA中。文中探討了LVDS的特點及其PCB (印制電路板)設(shè)計,糾正了某些錯誤認識。應(yīng)用傳輸線理論分析了單線阻抗、雙線阻抗及LVDS差分阻抗計算方法,給出了計算單線阻抗和差分阻抗的公式,通過實際計算說明了差分阻抗與單線阻抗的區(qū)別,并給出了PCB布線時的幾點建議。關(guān)鍵詞: LVDS, 阻抗分析, 阻抗計算, PCB設(shè)計 LVDS (低壓差分信號)是高速、低電壓、低功率、低噪聲通用I/O接口標準,其低壓擺幅和差分電流輸出模式使EM I (電磁干擾)大大降低。由于信號輸出邊緣變化很快,其信號通路表現(xiàn)為傳輸線特性。因此,在用含有LVDS接口的Xilinx或Altera等公司的FP2GA及其它器件進行PCB (印制電路板)設(shè)計時,超高速PCB設(shè)計和差分信號理論就顯得特別重要。
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：水中浮云
現(xiàn)代的電子設(shè)計和芯片制造技術(shù)正在飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜度、時鐘和總線頻率等等都呈快速上升趨勢，但系統(tǒng)的電壓卻不斷在減小，所有的這一切加上產(chǎn)品投放市場的時間要求給設(shè)計師帶來了前所未有的巨大壓力。要想保證產(chǎn)品的一次性成功就必須能預(yù)見設(shè)計中可能出現(xiàn)的各種問題，并及時給出合理的解決方案，對于高速的數(shù)字電路來說，最令人頭大的莫過于如何確保瞬時跳變的數(shù)字信號通過較長的一段傳輸線，還能完整地被接收，并保證良好的電磁兼容性，這就是目前頗受關(guān)注的信號完整性（SI）問題。本章就是圍繞信號完整性的問題，讓大家對高速電路有個基本的認識，并介紹一些相關(guān)的基本概念。 第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串擾的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串擾的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串擾和后向串擾.................................................................................433.3 后向串擾的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串擾的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串擾的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串擾問題.....................................................................................513.7 串擾的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串擾的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步時序系統(tǒng).......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步時序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由來...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 與SPICE 的比較.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的構(gòu)成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相關(guān)工具及鏈接..............................................................................120第八章 高速設(shè)計理論在實際中的運用.............................................................1228.1 疊層設(shè)計方案...........................................................................................1228.2 過孔對信號傳輸?shù)挠绊?..........................................................................1278.3 一般布局規(guī)則...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技術(shù)...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走線策略............................................................................................134
標簽： 信號完整性
上傳時間： 2014-05-15
上傳用戶：dudu1210004
第一部分 信號完整性知識基礎(chǔ).................................................................................5第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串擾的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串擾的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串擾和后向串擾.................................................................................433.3 后向串擾的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串擾的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串擾的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串擾問題.....................................................................................513.7 串擾的具體計算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串擾的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計.............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設(shè)計的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統(tǒng)......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設(shè)計的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓撲模板驅(qū)動設(shè)計...................................................................2313.4.4 時序驅(qū)動布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅(qū)動設(shè)計.......................................................................2323.4.6 設(shè)計后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進階運用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設(shè)計前和設(shè)計的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設(shè)置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變設(shè)計的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對傳輸線進行設(shè)置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進行串擾仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串擾仿真..........................................................................309
上傳時間： 2014-04-18
上傳用戶：wpt
Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential transmission lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to the nature of the substrate material. This needs to be considered as a layered structure of epoxy resinand glass fibre. Calculations, using Boundary Element field methods, show that the distribution of the electricfield within this layered structure determines the apparent dielectric constant and therefore affects theimpedance. Thus FR4 cannot be considered to be uniform dielectric when calculating differential impedance.
上傳時間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：DE2542
LT®1991提供了很多的功能，因而有可能是您必須保持一定庫存量的最後一款放大器。它不是一款應(yīng)用受限的單用途差分或儀表放大器。
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：18752787361
LT3474 是一款支持多種電源的降壓型 1ALED 驅(qū)動器，具有一個 4V 至 36V 的寬輸入電壓範圍，並可通過編程以高達 88% 的效率來輸送 35mA 至1A 的 LED 電流
上傳時間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：xhwst
LT®3837 從一個 4.5V 至 20V 輸入獲取工作電壓，但可通過采用一個 VCC 穩(wěn)壓器和 / 或變壓器上的一個偏壓繞組使該轉(zhuǎn)換器的輸入範圍向上擴展。
標簽： DCDC 反激式控制器 輸入電壓 轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時間： 2013-11-01
上傳用戶：
LTC3524 的 2.5V 至 6V 輸入電源範圍非常適合於那些從鋰離子電池或者多節(jié)堿性或鎳電池供電的便攜式設(shè)備。LCD 和 LED 驅(qū)動器的工作頻率均為 1.5MHz，因而允許使用纖巧、低成本的電感器和電容器。
上傳時間： 2013-11-22
上傳用戶：zzbbqq99n
對於輸出電壓處於輸入電壓範圍之內(nèi) (這在鋰離子電池供電型應(yīng)用中是一種很常見的情形) 的 DC/DC 轉(zhuǎn)換器設(shè)計，可供采用的傳統(tǒng)解決方案雖有不少，但迄今為止都不能令人非常滿意
上傳時間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：urgdil
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