Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters
Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
標(biāo)簽：
差分電路
單端
模式
上傳時(shí)間：
2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
電路板故障分析
維修方式介紹
ASA維修技術(shù)
ICT維修技術(shù)
沒有線路圖,無從修起
電路板太複雜,維修困難
維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技術(shù)不足
無法維修的死板,廢棄可惜
送電中作動(dòng)態(tài)維修,危險(xiǎn)性極高
備份板太多,積壓資金
送國外維修費(fèi)用高,維修時(shí)間長
對老化零件無從查起無法預(yù)先更換
維修速度及效率無法提升,造成公司負(fù)擔(dān),客戶埋怨
投資大量維修設(shè)備,操作複雜,績效不彰
標(biāo)簽：
電路板維修
技術(shù)資料
上傳時(shí)間：
2013-11-09
上傳用戶：chengxin
為有效控制固態(tài)功率調(diào)制設(shè)備,提高系統(tǒng)的可調(diào)性和穩(wěn)定性,介紹了一種基于現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列( FPGA)和微控制器(MCU) 的多路高壓IGBT 驅(qū)動(dòng)觸發(fā)器的設(shè)計(jì)方法和實(shí)現(xiàn)電路。該觸發(fā)器可選擇內(nèi)或外觸發(fā)信號(hào),可遙控或本控,能產(chǎn)生多路頻率、寬度和延時(shí)獨(dú)立可調(diào)的脈沖信號(hào),信號(hào)的輸入輸出和傳輸都使用光纖。將該觸發(fā)器用于高壓IGBT(3300 V/ 800 A) 感應(yīng)疊加脈沖發(fā)生器中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測試,給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)波形。結(jié)果表明,該多路高壓IGBT驅(qū)動(dòng)觸發(fā)器輸出脈沖信號(hào)達(dá)到了較高的調(diào)整精度,頻寬’脈寬及延時(shí)可分別以步進(jìn)1 Hz、0. 1μs、0. 1μs 進(jìn)行調(diào)整,滿足了脈沖發(fā)生器的要求,提高了脈沖功率調(diào)制系統(tǒng)的性能。
標(biāo)簽：
FPGA
IGBT
多路
驅(qū)動(dòng)
上傳時(shí)間：
2013-10-17
上傳用戶：123456wh
