單片機原理與應(yīng)用技術(shù) 單片機到底是什么呢?就是一個電腦,只不過是微型的,麻雀雖小,五臟俱全:它內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊,比如CPU,內(nèi)存,并行總線,還有和硬盤作用相同的存儲器件,不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對我們的家用電腦弱很多,不過價錢也是低的,一般不超過10元即可......用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動滾筒洗衣機,排煙罩VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影!......它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。 它是一種在線式實時控制計算機,在線式就是現(xiàn)場控制,需要的是有較強的抗干擾能力,較低的成本,這也是和離線式計算機的(比如家用PC)的主要區(qū)別。 單片機是靠程序的,并且可以修改。通過不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能,尤其是特殊的獨特的一些功能,這是別的器件需要費很大力氣才能做到的,有些則是花大力氣也很難做到的。一個不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美國50年代開發(fā)的74系列,或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來搞定的話,電路一定是一塊大PCB板!但是如果要是用美國70年代成功投放市場的系列單片機,結(jié)果就會有天壤之別!只因為單片機的通過你編寫的程序可以實現(xiàn)高智能,高效率,以及高可靠性! 由于單片機對成本是敏感的,所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級匯編語言,它是除了二進制機器碼以上最低級的語言了,既然這么低級為什么還要用呢?很多高級的語言已經(jīng)達到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢?原因很簡單,就是單片機沒有家用計算機那樣的CPU,也沒有像硬盤那樣的海量存儲設(shè)備。一個可視化高級語言編寫的小程序里面即使只有一個按鈕,也會達到幾十K的尺寸!對于家用PC的硬盤來講沒什么,可是對于單片機來講是不能接受的。 單片機在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行,所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理,如果把巨型計算機上的操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用PC上來運行,家用PC的也是承受不了的。 目前最常用的單片機為MCS-51,是由美國INTEL公司(生產(chǎn)CPU的英特爾)生產(chǎn)的,89C51是這幾年在我國非常流行的單片機,它是由美國ATMEL公司開發(fā)生產(chǎn)的,其內(nèi)核兼容MCS-51單片機。 單片機的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 單片機廣泛應(yīng)用于儀器儀表、家用電器、醫(yī)用設(shè)備、航空航天、專用設(shè)備的智能化管理及過程控制等領(lǐng)域,大致可分如下幾個范疇: 1.在智能儀器儀表上的應(yīng)用 單片機具有體積小、功耗低、控制功能強、擴展靈活、微型化和使用方便等優(yōu)點,廣泛應(yīng)用于儀器儀表中,結(jié)合不同類型的傳感器,可實現(xiàn)諸如電壓、功率、頻率、濕度、溫度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、長度、硬度、元素、壓力等物理量的測量。采用單片機控制使得儀器儀表數(shù)字化、智能化、微型化,且功能比起采用電子或數(shù)字電路更加強大。例如精密的測量設(shè)備(功率計,示波器,各種分析儀)。 2.在工業(yè)控制中的應(yīng)用 用單片機可以構(gòu)成形式多樣的控制系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。例如工廠流水線的智能化管理,電梯智能化控制、各種報警系統(tǒng),與計算機聯(lián)網(wǎng)構(gòu)成二級控制系統(tǒng)等。 3.在家用電器中的應(yīng)用 可以這樣說,現(xiàn)在的家用電器基本上都采用了單片機控制,從電飯褒、洗衣機、電冰箱、空調(diào)機、彩電、其他音響視頻器材、再到電子秤量設(shè)備,五花八門,無所不在。 4.在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 現(xiàn)代的單片機普遍具備通信接口,可以很方便地與計算機進行數(shù)據(jù)通信,為在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信設(shè)備間的應(yīng)用提供了極好的物質(zhì)條件,現(xiàn)在的通信設(shè)備基本上都實現(xiàn)了單片機智能控制,從手機,電話機、小型程控交換機、樓宇自動通信呼叫系統(tǒng)、列車無線通信、再到日常工作中隨處可見的移動電話,集群移動通信,無線電對講機等。 5.單片機在醫(yī)用設(shè)備領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 單片機在醫(yī)用設(shè)備中的用途亦相當(dāng)廣泛,例如醫(yī)用呼吸機,各種分析儀,監(jiān)護儀,超聲診斷設(shè)備及病床呼叫系統(tǒng)等等。 此外,單片機在工商,金融,科研、教育,國防航空航天等領(lǐng)域都有著十分廣泛的用途
標(biāo)簽: 單片機原理 應(yīng)用技術(shù)
上傳時間: 2013-11-14
上傳用戶:gououo
Study-3 51單片機開發(fā)板原理圖:1-單片機的管腳除下載的幾個(P30,P31,P15,P16,P17,RST)之外,均直接擴展出來,原理圖中對應(yīng)綠色的網(wǎng)絡(luò)2-紅色的網(wǎng)路對應(yīng)的是這個板子上的外設(shè),比如 液晶 數(shù)碼管等等3-其他顏色的就是對應(yīng)的各個部分的網(wǎng)絡(luò)4-這個原理圖的布局是根據(jù)PCB的布局來設(shè)計的,這樣方便查閱5-在PCB中的右面擴展出來的萬能板上,外面的一排是GND,里面的一排是VCC,擴展的時候,可以把電源直接接到這里就可以了6-板子的左上角有2個跳線,一個是控制液晶的背光用的,一個是2位數(shù)碼管的能信號,因為采用了74ls164串轉(zhuǎn)并的方案,所以數(shù)碼管和串口不能同時使用,但是下載程序不影響,即平時短接就可以當(dāng)作串口試驗的時候,建議把跳線斷開7-關(guān)于S系列單片機的使用,這個板子兼容S系列的單片機使用,留有下載線的接口8-下載程序說明,STC單片機采用串口下載,下載前一定要冷啟動即斷電,點擊下載,上電,程序就會下載進去了
標(biāo)簽: Study 51單片機 開發(fā)板原理圖
上傳時間: 2013-10-29
上傳用戶:372825274
The PCA9534 is a 16-pin CMOS device that provide 8 bits of General Purpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvements include higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/O configuration, 400 kHz clock frequency, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
標(biāo)簽: interru SMBus power 9534
上傳時間: 2013-10-10
上傳用戶:inwins
The PCA9535 and PCA9535C are 24-pin CMOS devices that provide 16 bits of GeneralPurpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and wasdeveloped to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. Theimprovements include higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current,individual I/O configuration, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simplesolution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons,LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間: 2013-10-21
上傳用戶:愛死愛死
The PCA9536 is an 8-pin CMOS device that provides 4 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed toenhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. I/O expanders providea simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors,push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間: 2013-10-09
上傳用戶:731140412
The PCA9537 is a 10-pin CMOS device that provides 4 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion with interrupt and reset for I2C-bus/SMBus applicationsand was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders.I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI powerswitches, sensors, push-buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間: 2013-10-14
上傳用戶:wuchunzhong
The PCA9538 is a 16-pin CMOS device that provides 8 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion with interrupt and reset for I2C-bus/SMBus applicationsand was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders.I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additional I/O is needed for ACPI powerswitches, sensors, push-buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間: 2014-01-24
上傳用戶:youmo81
The PCA9539; PCA9539R is a 24-pin CMOS device that provides 16 bits of GeneralPurpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) expansion with interrupt and reset forI2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed to enhance the NXP Semiconductorsfamily of I2C-bus I/O expanders. I/O expanders provide a simple solution when additionalI/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.
上傳時間: 2013-11-10
上傳用戶:ewtrwrtwe
The PCA9549 provides eight bits of high speed TTL-compatible bus switching controlledby the I2C-bus. The low ON-state resistance of the switch allows connections to be madewith minimal propagation delay. Any individual A to B channel or combination of channelscan be selected via the I2C-bus, determined by the contents of the programmable Controlregister. When the I2C-bus bit is HIGH (logic 1), the switch is on and data can flow fromPort A to Port B, or vice versa. When the I2C-bus bit is LOW (logic 0), the switch is open,creating a high-impedance state between the two ports, which stops the data flow.An active LOW reset input (RESET) allows the PCA9549 to recover from a situationwhere the I2C-bus is stuck in a LOW state. Pulling the RESET pin LOW resets the I2C-busstate machine and causes all the bits to be open, as does the internal power-on resetfunction.
標(biāo)簽: switch Octal 9549 with
上傳時間: 2014-11-22
上傳用戶:xcy122677
The PCA9555 is a 24-pin CMOS device that provides 16 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed toenhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvementsinclude higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/Oconfiguration, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution whenadditional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.The PCA9555 consists of two 8-bit Configuration (Input or Output selection); Input, Outputand Polarity Inversion (active HIGH or active LOW operation) registers. The systemmaster can enable the I/Os as either inputs or outputs by writing to the I/O configurationbits. The data for each Input or Output is kept in the corresponding Input or Outputregister. The polarity of the read register can be inverted with the Polarity Inversionregister. All registers can be read by the system master. Although pin-to-pin and I2C-busaddress compatible with the PCF8575, software changes are required due to theenhancements, and are discussed in Application Note AN469.
上傳時間: 2013-11-13
上傳用戶:fredguo
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