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  • PCA9548A 8 channel I2C bus swi

    The PCA9548A is an octal bidirectional translating switch controlled via the I2C-bus. TheSCL/SDA upstream pair fans out to eight downstream pairs, or channels. Any individualSCx/SDx channel or combination of channels can be selected, determined by thecontents of the programmable control register.An active LOW reset input allows the PCA9548A to recover from a situation where one ofthe downstream I2C-buses is stuck in a LOW state. Pulling the RESET pin LOW resets theI2C-bus state machine and causes all the channels to be deselected as does the internalPower-on reset function.

    標簽: channel 9548A 9548 PCA

    上傳時間: 2013-10-13

    上傳用戶:bakdesec

  • 8-bit I2C-bus and SMBus IO port with reset

    The PCA9557 is a silicon CMOS circuit which provides parallel input/output expansion for SMBus and I2C-bus applications. The PCA9557 consists of an 8-bit input port register, 8-bit output port register, and an I2C-bus/SMBus interface. It has low current consumption and a high-impedance open-drain output pin, IO0. The system master can enable the PCA9557’s I/O as either input or output by writing to the configuration register. The system master can also invert the PCA9557 inputs by writing to the active HIGH polarity inversion register. Finally, the system master can reset the PCA9557 in the event of a time-out by asserting a LOW in the reset input. The power-on reset puts the registers in their default state and initializes the I2C-bus/SMBus state machine. The RESET pin causes the same reset/initialization to occur without de-powering the part.

    標簽: C-bus SMBus reset port

    上傳時間: 2014-01-18

    上傳用戶:bs2005

  • Adding 32 KB of Serial SRAM to

    Although Stellaris microcontrollers have generous internal SRAM capabilities, certain applicationsmay have data storage requirements that exceed the 8 KB limit of the Stellaris LM3S8xx seriesdevices. Since microcontrollers do not have an external parallel data-bus, serial memory optionsmust be considered. Until recently, the ubiquitous serial EEPROM/flash device was the only serialmemory solution. The major limitations of EEPROM and flash technology are slow write speed, slowerase times, and limited write/erase endurance.Recently, serial SRAM devices have become available as a solution for high-speed dataapplications. The N256S08xxHDA series of devices, from AMI Semiconductor, offer 32 K x 8 bits oflow-power data storage, a fast Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial bus, and unlimited write cycles.The parts are available in 8-pin SOIC and compact TSSOP packages.

    標簽: Adding Serial SRAM 32

    上傳時間: 2013-10-14

    上傳用戶:cxl274287265

  • 51單片機實訓指南

    51單片機實訓指南:一、 實習課題基于單片機最小系統的頻率計設計二、 實習內容單片機最小系統電路原理設計分析與講解,PCB設計分析與講解,電路板焊接培訓與實際操作,程序設計、調試分析與講解,程序調試實際操作。三、硬件資源※ 89S51單片機;※ 6位共陽極數碼管;※ 段碼驅動器74HC573,位選譯碼器74HC138;※ 4路獨立式按鍵;※ 外部晶振電路;※ ISP下載接口(In system program,在系統編程);※ DC+5V電源試配器(選配);※ ISP下載線(選配);※ 單片機實訓模塊(頻率計分頻預處理電路)。四、電路原理分析與設計P1為外部電源輸入座(DC+5V),S8為電源最小系統的電源開關,E1和C3為電源濾波,去耦電容。D1為系統電源指示燈。J2為ISP下載接口,S7系統復位按鍵。CRY1,C1,C2為外部時針電路。IC1為89S51(DIP-40),左上角為第一腳。PRE1,PRE2。為上拉排阻(阻值4.7k—10k)。J5,J9,J6,J10分別對應單片機的P0,P1,P2,P3口。便于二次開發。6路共陽極數碼管動態顯示電路,P0口通過74HC573(起驅動和隔離作用,讓電流通過74CH573流入公共地),來控制數碼管的8路段碼,P20-P22通過74HC138譯碼器(使用其中的6路)控制數碼管的公共端(中間還有三極管做驅動器)。這樣設計的理由:為了保證該單片機最小系統的二次開發的資源充足和合理性。

    標簽: 51單片機

    上傳時間: 2013-10-14

    上傳用戶:ryb

  • 基于單片機的LED漢字顯示屏設計與制作

    基于單片機的LED漢字顯示屏設計與制作:在大型商場、車站、碼頭、地鐵站以及各類辦事窗口等越來越多的場所需要用LED點陣顯示圖形和漢字。LED行業已成為一個快速發展的新興產業,市場空間巨大,前景廣闊。隨著信息產業的高速發展,LED顯示作為信息傳播的一種重要手段,已廣泛應用于室內外需要進行服務內容和服務宗旨宣傳的公眾場所,例如戶內外公共場所廣告宣傳、機場車站旅客引導信息、公交車輛報站系統、證券與銀行信息顯示、餐館報價信息豆示、高速公路可變情報板、體育場館比賽轉播、樓宇燈飾、交通信號燈、景觀照明等。顯然,LED顯示已成為城市亮化、現代化和信息化社會的一個重要標志。 本文基于單片機(AT89C51)講述了16×16 LED漢字點陣顯示的基本原理、硬件組成與設計、程序編譯與下載等基本環節和相關技術。2 硬件電路組成及工作原理本產品擬采用以AT89C51單片機為核心芯片的電路來實現,主要由AT89C51芯片、時鐘電路、復位電路、列掃描驅動電路(74HC154)、16×16 LED點陣5部分組成,如圖1所示。 其中,AT89C51是一種帶4 kB閃爍可編程可擦除只讀存儲器(Falsh Programmable and Erasable Read OnlyMemory,FPEROM)的低電壓、高性能CMOS型8位微處理器,俗稱單片機。該器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存儲器制造技術制造,與工業標準的MCS-51指令集和輸出管腳相兼容。由于將多功能8位CPU和閃爍存儲器組合在單個芯片中,能夠進行1 000次寫/擦循環,數據保留時間為10年。他是一種高效微控制器,為很多嵌入式控制系統提供了一種靈活性高且價廉的方案。因此,在智能化電子設計與制作過程中經常用到AT89C51芯片。時鐘電路由AT89C51的18,19腳的時鐘端(XTALl及XTAL2)以及12 MHz晶振X1、電容C2,C3組成,采用片內振蕩方式。復位電路采用簡易的上電復位電路,主要由電阻R1,R2,電容C1,開關K1組成,分別接至AT89C51的RST復位輸入端。LED點陣顯示屏采用16×16共256個象素的點陣,通過萬用表檢測發光二極管的方法測試判斷出該點陣的引腳分布,如圖2所示。 我們把行列總線接在單片機的IO口,然后把上面分析到的掃描代碼送人總線,就可以得到顯示的漢字了。但是若將LED點陣的行列端口全部直接接入89S51單片機,則需要使用32條IO口,這樣會造成IO資源的耗盡,系統也再無擴充的余地。因此,我們在實際應用中只是將LED點陣的16條行線直接接在P0口和P2口,至于列選掃描信號則是由4-16線譯碼器74HC154來選擇控制,這樣一來列選控制只使用了單片機的4個IO口,節約了很多IO資源,為單片機系統擴充使用功能提供了條件。考慮到P0口必需設置上拉電阻,我們采用4.7 kΩ排電阻作為上拉電阻。

    標簽: LED 單片機 漢字 顯示屏設計

    上傳時間: 2013-10-16

    上傳用戶:ywcftc277

  • 用PIC16C73 單片機實現十二位A/D轉換器

    介紹用PIC16C73 自帶的八位A/D 轉換器擴展為十二位A/D 轉換器,給出了具體的設計方案和程序流程。它是用以 PIC16C73 為MCU 構成的海水有機磷測控儀A/D 轉換部分的一種解決方案。為監測海洋生態環境,研制了用于海水有機磷農藥現場監測的生物傳感器。為測定生物傳感器的信號,使傳感器可用于船載及臺站的海洋生態環境現場自動監測,需要對整個的采樣和排液裝置進行控制以及對傳感器來的信號進行實時采集處理,形成有機磷的濃度傳給上位機。為此,開發了以PIC16C73 單片機為核心的小型測控儀器,很好的完成了上述功能。PIC1673 單片機自帶8 位的A/D 轉換器,但不能滿足系統對精度的要求,本設計在單片機自帶8 位A/D 基礎上加少量的硬件和軟件開銷,使其擴展為十二位A/D 轉換器,滿足了系統的要求。

    標簽: PIC 16C C73 16

    上傳時間: 2013-10-30

    上傳用戶:a296386173

  • 微機燈光控制系統

    一、實驗目的1.掌握定時/計數器、輸入/輸出接口電路設計方法。    2.掌握中斷控制編程技術的方法和應用。3.掌握8086匯編語言程序設計方法。 二、實驗內容與要求 微機燈光控制系統主要用于娛樂場所的彩燈控制。系統的彩燈共有12組,在實驗時用12個發光二極管模擬。1. 基本要求:燈光控制共有8種模式,如12個燈依次點亮;12個燈同時閃爍等八種。系統可以通過鍵盤和顯示屏的人機對話,將8種模式進行任意個數、任意次序的連接組合。系統不斷重復執行輸入的模式組合,直至鍵盤有任意一個鍵按下,退出燈光控制系統,返回DOS系統。2. 提高要求:音樂彩燈控制系統,根據音樂的變化控制彩燈的變化,主要有以下幾種:第一種為音樂節奏控制彩燈,按音樂的節拍變換彩燈花樣。第二種音律的強弱(信號幅度大小)控制彩燈。強音時,燈的亮度加大,且被點亮的數目增多。第三種按音調高低(信號頻率高低)控制彩燈。低音時,某一部分燈點亮;高音時,另一部分點亮。 三、實驗報告要求 1.設計目的和內容 2.總體設計 3.硬件設計:原理圖(接線圖)及簡要說明 4.軟件設計框圖及程序清單5.設計結果和體會(包括遇到的問題及解決的方法) 四、設計原理我們以背景霓虹燈的一種顯示效果為例,介紹控制霓虹燈顯示的基本原理。設有一排 n 段水平排列的霓虹燈,某種顯示方式為從左到右每0.2 秒逐個點亮。其控制過程如下: 若以“ 1 ”代表霓虹燈點亮,以“ 0 ”代表霓虹燈熄滅,則開始時刻, n 段霓虹燈的控制信號均為“ 0 ”,隨后,控制器將一幀 n 個數據送至 n 段霓虹燈的控制端,其中,最左邊的一段霓虹燈對應的控制數據為“ 1 ”,其余的數據均為零,即 1000 … 000 。當 n 個數據送完以后,控制器停止送數,保留這種狀態(定時) 0.2 秒,此時,第 1 段霓虹燈被點亮,其余霓虹燈熄滅。隨后,控制器又在極短的時間內將數據 1100 … 000 送至霓虹燈的控制端,并定時 0.2 秒,這段時間,前兩段霓虹燈被點亮。由于送數據的過程很快,我們觀測到的效果是第一段霓虹燈被點亮 0.2 秒后,第 2 段霓虹燈接著被點亮,即每隔 0.2 秒顯示一幀圖樣。如此下去,最后控制器將數據 1111 … 111 送至 n 段霓虹燈的控制端,則 n 段霓虹燈被全部點亮。 只要改變送至每段霓虹燈的數據,即可改變霓虹燈的顯示方式,顯然,我們可以通過合理地組合數據(編程)來得到霓虹燈的不同顯示方式。 五、總體方案論證分析系統設計思路如下:1) 采集8位開關輸入信號,若輸入數據為0時,將其修改為1。確定輸入的硬件接口電路。采樣輸入開關量,并存入NUM的軟件程序段。2) 以12個燈依次點亮為例(即燈光控制模式M1),考慮與其相應的燈光顯示代碼數據。確定顯示代碼數據輸出的接口電路。輸出一個同期顯示代碼的軟件程序段(暫不考慮時隙的延時要求)。3) 應用定時中斷服務和NUM數據,實現t=N×50ms的方法。4) 實現某一種模式燈光顯示控制中12個時隙一個周期,共重復四次的控制方法。要求在初始化時采樣開關輸入數據NUM,并以此控制每一時隙的延時時間;在每一時隙結束時,檢查有無鍵按下,若是退出鍵按下,則結束燈光控制,返回DOS系統,若是其他鍵就返回主菜單,重新輸入控制模式數據。5) 通過人機對話,輸入8種燈光顯示控制模式的任意個數、任意次序連接組合的控制模式數據串(以ENTER鍵結尾)。對輸入的數據進行檢查,若數據都在1 - 8之間,則存入INBUF;若有錯誤,則通過屏幕顯示輸入錯誤,準備重新輸入燈光顯示控制模式數據。6) 依次讀取INBUF中的控制模式數據進行不同模式的燈光顯示控制,在沒有任意鍵按下的情況下,系統從第一個控制模式數據開始,順序工作到最后一個控制模式數據后,又返回到第一個控制模式數據,不斷重復循環進行燈光顯示控制。7) 本系統的軟件在總體上有兩部份,即主程序(MAIN)和實時中斷服務程序(INTT)。討論以功能明確、相互界面分割清晰的軟件程序模塊化設計方法。即確定有關功能模塊,并畫出以功能模塊表示的主程序(MAIN)流程框圖和定時中斷服務程序的流程框圖。    六、硬件電路設計   以微機實驗平臺和PC機資源為硬件設計的基礎,不需要外加電路。主要利用了以下的資源:1.8255并行口電路8255并行口電路主要負責數據的輸入與輸出,可以輸出數據控制發光二極管的亮滅和讀取乒乓開關的數據。實驗時可以將8255的A口、B口和一組發光二極管相連,C口和乒乓開關相連。2.8253定時/計數器8253定時/計數器和8259中斷控制器一起實現時隙定時。本設計的定時就是采用的t=N×50ms的方法,50ms由8253定時/計數器的計數器0控制定時,N是在中斷服務程序中軟件計時。8253的OUT0接到IRQ2,產生中斷請求信號。8253定時/計數器定時結束會發出中斷信號,進入中斷服務程序。3.PC機資源本設計除了利用PC機作為控制器之外,還利用了PC機的鍵盤和顯示器。鍵盤主要是輸入控制模式數據,顯示器就是顯示提示信息。   七、軟件設計   軟件主要分為主程序(MAIN)和中斷服務程序(INTT),主程序包含系統初始化、讀取乒乓開關、讀取控制模式數據以及按鍵處理等模塊。中斷服務程序主要是定時時間到后根據控制模式數據點亮相應的發光二極管。1.主程序主程序的程序流程圖如圖1所示。

    標簽: 微機 燈光控制

    上傳時間: 2014-04-05

    上傳用戶:q986086481

  • Emulating a synchronous serial

    The C500 microcontroller family usually provides only one on-chip synchronous serialchannel (SSC). If a second SSC is required, an emulation of the missing interface mayhelp to avoid an external hardware solution with additional electronic components.The solution presented in this paper and in the attached source files emulates the mostimportant SSC functions by using optimized SW routines with a performance up to 25KBaud in Slave Mode with half duplex transmission and an overhead less than 60% atSAB C513 with 12 MHz. Due to the implementation in C this performance is not the limitof the chip. A pure implementation in assembler will result in a strong reduction of theCPU load and therefore increase the maximum speed of the interface. In addition,microcontrollers like the SAB C505 will speed up the interface by a factor of two becauseof an optimized architecture compared with the SAB C513.Moreover, this solution lays stress on using as few on-chip hardware resources aspossible. A more excessive consumption of those resources will result in a highermaximum speed of the emulated interface.Due to the restricted performance of an 8 bit microcontroller a pin compatible solution isprovided only; the internal register based programming interface is replaced by a set ofsubroutine calls.The attached source files also contain a test shell, which demonstrates how to exchangeinformation between an on-chip HW-SSC and the emulated SW-SSC via 5 external wiresin different operation modes. It is based on the SAB C513 (Siemens 8 bit microcontroller).A table with load measurements is presented to give an indication for the fraction of CPUperformance required by software for emulating the SSC.

    標簽: synchronous Emulating serial

    上傳時間: 2014-01-31

    上傳用戶:z1191176801

  • MPC106 PCI橋/存儲器控制器硬件規范說明

    The Motorola MPC106 PCI bridge/memory controller provides a PowerPCªmicroprocessor common hardware reference platform (CHRPª) compliant bridgebetween the PowerPC microprocessor family and the Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) bus. In this document, the term Ô106Õ is used as an abbreviation for the phraseÔMPC106 PCI bridge/memory controllerÕ. This document contains pertinent physicalcharacteristics of the 106. For functional characteristics refer to theMPC106 PCI Bridge/Memory Controller UserÕs Manual.This document contains the following topics:Topic PageSection 1.1, ÒOverviewÓ 2Section 1.2, ÒFeaturesÓ 3Section 1.3, ÒGeneral ParametersÓ 5Section 1.4, ÒElectrical and Thermal CharacteristicsÓ 5Section 1.5, ÒPin AssignmentsÓ 17Section 1.6, ÒPinout Listings 18Section 1.7, ÒPackage DescriptionÓ 22Section 1.8, ÒSystem Design InformationÓ 24Section 1.9, ÒDocument Revision HistoryÓ 29Section 1.10, ÒOrdering InformationÓ 29

    標簽: MPC 106 PCI 存儲器

    上傳時間: 2013-11-04

    上傳用戶:as275944189

  • Input Signal Rise and Fall Tim

    All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.

    標簽: Signal Input Fall Rise

    上傳時間: 2013-10-23

    上傳用戶:copu

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