1、半導(dǎo)體材料制作電子器件與傳統(tǒng)的真空電子器件相比有什么特點(diǎn)? 答：頻率特性好、體積小、功耗小，便于電路的集成化產(chǎn)品的袖珍化，此外在堅(jiān)固抗震可靠等方面也特別突出；但是在失真度和穩(wěn)定性等方面不及真空器件。 2、什么是本征半導(dǎo)體和雜質(zhì)半導(dǎo)體？ 答：純凈的半導(dǎo)體就是本征半導(dǎo)體，在元素周期表中它們一般都是中價元素。在本征半導(dǎo)體中按極小的比例摻入高一價或低一價的雜質(zhì)元素之后便獲得雜質(zhì)半導(dǎo)體。
上傳時間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶：lilei900512
設(shè)計(jì)了水聲信號發(fā)生系統(tǒng)中的功率放大電路，可將前級電路產(chǎn)生的方波信號轉(zhuǎn)換為正弦信號，同時進(jìn)行濾波、功率放大，使其滿足換能器對輸入信號的要求。該電路以單片機(jī)AT89C52，集成6階巴特沃思低通濾波芯片MF6以及大功率運(yùn)算放大器LM12為核心，通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)RS232接口與PC進(jìn)行通信，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號增益的程控調(diào)節(jié)，對干擾信號具有良好的抑制作用。經(jīng)調(diào)試該電路工作穩(wěn)定正常，輸出波形無失真，在輸出功率以及放大增益、波紋系數(shù)等方面均滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has no distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：qwe1234
訊號路徑設(shè)計(jì)講座(9)針對高速應(yīng)用的電流回授運(yùn)算放大器電流回授運(yùn)算放大器架構(gòu)已成為各類應(yīng)用的主要解決方案。該放大器架構(gòu)具有很多優(yōu)勢，并且?guī)缀蹩蓪?shí)施于任何需要運(yùn)算放大器的應(yīng)用當(dāng)中。電流回授放大器沒有基本的增益頻寬產(chǎn)品的局限，隨著訊號振幅的增加，而頻寬損耗依然很小就證明了這一點(diǎn)。由于大訊號具有極小的失真，所以在很高的頻率情況下這些放大器都具有極佳的線性度。電流回授放大器在很寬的增益范圍內(nèi)的頻寬損耗很低，而電壓回授放大器的頻寬損耗卻隨著增益的增加而增加。準(zhǔn)確地說就是電流回授放大器沒有增益頻寬產(chǎn)品的限制。當(dāng)然，電流回授放大器也不是無限快的。變動率受制于晶體管本身的速度限制（而非內(nèi)部偏置(壓)電流）。這可以在給定的偏壓電流下實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的變動率，而無需使用正回授和其它可能影響穩(wěn)定性的轉(zhuǎn)換增強(qiáng)技術(shù)。那么，我們?nèi)绾蝸斫⑦@樣一個奇妙的電路呢？電流回授運(yùn)算放大器具有一個與差動對相對的輸入緩沖器。輸入緩沖器通常是一個射極追隨器或類似的器件。非反向輸入是高阻抗的，而緩沖器的輸出（即放大器的反向輸入）是低阻抗的。相反，電壓回授放大器的2個輸入均是高阻抗的。電流回授運(yùn)算放大器輸出的是電壓，而且與透過稱為互阻抗Z(s)的復(fù)變函數(shù)流出或流入運(yùn)算放大器的反向輸入端的電流有關(guān)。在直流電情況下，互阻抗很高（與電壓回授放大器類似），并且隨著頻率的增加而單極滾降。
標(biāo)簽： 電流 運(yùn)算放大器
上傳時間： 2013-10-19
上傳用戶：黃蛋的蛋黃
采用高輸入頻率、高速模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器(ADC)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)具挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。ADC輸入接口設(shè)計(jì)有6個主要條件：輸入阻抗、輸入驅(qū)動、帶寬、通帶平坦度、噪聲和失真。
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：chukeey
現(xiàn)代的電子設(shè)計(jì)和芯片制造技術(shù)正在飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜度、時鐘和總線頻率等等都呈快速上升趨勢，但系統(tǒng)的電壓卻不斷在減小，所有的這一切加上產(chǎn)品投放市場的時間要求給設(shè)計(jì)師帶來了前所未有的巨大壓力。要想保證產(chǎn)品的一次性成功就必須能預(yù)見設(shè)計(jì)中可能出現(xiàn)的各種問題，并及時給出合理的解決方案，對于高速的數(shù)字電路來說，最令人頭大的莫過于如何確保瞬時跳變的數(shù)字信號通過較長的一段傳輸線，還能完整地被接收，并保證良好的電磁兼容性，這就是目前頗受關(guān)注的信號完整性（SI）問題。本章就是圍繞信號完整性的問題，讓大家對高速電路有個基本的認(rèn)識，并介紹一些相關(guān)的基本概念。 第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步時序系統(tǒng).......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步時序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由來...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 與SPICE 的比較.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的構(gòu)成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相關(guān)工具及鏈接..............................................................................120第八章 高速設(shè)計(jì)理論在實(shí)際中的運(yùn)用.............................................................1228.1 疊層設(shè)計(jì)方案...........................................................................................1228.2 過孔對信號傳輸?shù)挠绊?..........................................................................1278.3 一般布局規(guī)則...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技術(shù)...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走線策略............................................................................................134
標(biāo)簽： 信號完整性
上傳時間： 2014-05-15
上傳用戶：dudu1210004
第一部分 信號完整性知識基礎(chǔ).................................................................................5第一章 高速數(shù)字電路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何為高速電路...............................................................................................51.2 高速帶來的問題及設(shè)計(jì)流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相關(guān)的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 傳輸線理論...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系統(tǒng)和集總電路.............................................................................122.2 傳輸線的RLCG 模型和電報方程...............................................................132.3 傳輸線的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本質(zhì).................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相關(guān)計(jì)算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗對信號完整性的影響.........................................................172.4 傳輸線電報方程及推導(dǎo).............................................................................182.5 趨膚效應(yīng)和集束效應(yīng).................................................................................232.6 信號的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射機(jī)理和電報方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射導(dǎo)致信號的失真問題.................................................................302.6.2.1 過沖和下沖.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振蕩：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分線的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多負(fù)載的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串?dāng)_的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串?dāng)_的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串?dāng)_和后向串?dāng)_.................................................................................433.3 后向串?dāng)_的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串?dāng)_的飽和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模電流對串?dāng)_的影響.................................................................483.6 連接器的串?dāng)_問題.....................................................................................513.7 串?dāng)_的具體計(jì)算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串?dāng)_的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的產(chǎn)生..................................................................................................614.2.1 電壓瞬變.............................................................................................614.2.2 信號的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 電場屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁場屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 電磁場屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 電磁屏蔽體和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 濾波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦電容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 傳輸線RLC 參數(shù)和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 疊層設(shè)計(jì)抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 電容和接地過孔對回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走線規(guī)則.................................................................................79第五章 電源完整性理論基礎(chǔ)...............................................................................825.1 電源噪聲的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 電源阻抗設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................855.3 同步開關(guān)噪聲分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片內(nèi)部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部開關(guān)噪聲.............................................................................895.3.3 等效電感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路電容的特性和應(yīng)用.............................................................................925.4.1 電容的頻率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 電容的介質(zhì)和封裝影響.....................................................................955.4.3 電容并聯(lián)特性及反諧振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何選擇電容.....................................................................................975.4.5 電容的擺放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系統(tǒng)時序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通時序系統(tǒng)...........................................................................................1006.1.1 時序參數(shù)的確定...............................................................................1016.1.2 時序約束條件...................................................................................1063.2 高速設(shè)計(jì)的問題.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的組件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系統(tǒng)......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自動布線器.......................................................2303.4 高速設(shè)計(jì)的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空間解決方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓?fù)淠０弪?qū)動設(shè)計(jì)...................................................................2313.4.4 時序驅(qū)動布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以約束條件驅(qū)動設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................2323.4.6 設(shè)計(jì)后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的進(jìn)階運(yùn)用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 圖形化的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信號完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 設(shè)計(jì)前和設(shè)計(jì)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真設(shè)置顧問...........................................................................................2354.7 改變設(shè)計(jì)的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點(diǎn)...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形顯示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在線分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的運(yùn)用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信號的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼圖模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 進(jìn)行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 進(jìn)行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 處理信號完整性原理圖的具體問題.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何對傳輸線進(jìn)行設(shè)置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模擬IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中進(jìn)行串?dāng)_仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 進(jìn)行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的進(jìn)一步介紹..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串?dāng)_仿真..........................................................................309
標(biāo)簽： PCB 內(nèi)存 仿真技術(shù)
上傳時間： 2014-04-18
上傳用戶：wpt
電路板故障分析 維修方式介紹 ASA維修技術(shù) ICT維修技術(shù) 沒有線路圖,無從修起 電路板太複雜,維修困難 維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技術(shù)不足 無法維修的死板,廢棄可惜 送電中作動態(tài)維修,危險性極高 備份板太多,積壓資金 送國外維修費(fèi)用高,維修時間長 對老化零件無從查起無法預(yù)先更換 維修速度及效率無法提升,造成公司負(fù)擔(dān),客戶埋怨 投資大量維修設(shè)備,操作複雜,績效不彰
上傳時間： 2013-10-26
上傳用戶：neu_liyan
對於集成電路而言，汽車是一種苛刻的使用環(huán)境，這裡，引擎罩下的工作溫度範(fàn)圍可寬達(dá) -40°C 至 125°C，而且，在電池電壓總線上出現(xiàn)大瞬變偏移也是預(yù)料之中的事
標(biāo)簽： 集成 電流檢測 保護(hù) 汽車系統(tǒng)
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：zhaiye
某些理想的運(yùn)算放大器配置假定反饋電阻器呈現(xiàn)完美的匹配。而實(shí)際上，電阻器的非理想性會對各種電路參數(shù)產(chǎn)生影響，例如：共模抑制比 (CMRR)、諧波失真和穩(wěn)定性
標(biāo)簽： 502 DN 精準(zhǔn)放大器 匹配電阻
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：2525775
為了提高稀土超磁致伸縮換能器驅(qū)動電源的效率以及實(shí)用性，采用DSP器件TMS320F2812作為主控芯片，結(jié)合混合脈寬調(diào)制方法實(shí)現(xiàn)SPWM波形。采用半橋型逆變電路實(shí)現(xiàn)SPWM的功率放大，并對隔離驅(qū)動電路、反饋電路和濾波匹配電路進(jìn)行合理而有效的設(shè)計(jì)，保證了換能器的輸出效能。同時使用電流控制頻率的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)諧振頻率的自動跟蹤。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，該驅(qū)動電路輸出頻率穩(wěn)定，波形失真度低，且能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率較高。
標(biāo)簽： DSP 磁致伸縮 換能器 電源設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：yueguizhilin
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