The outcome of the 3GPP SAE (system Architecture evolution) technical study
and specification work is a set of standards that specifies the evolution of the
packet core network for GSM/GPRS and WCDMA/HSPA to an all-IP architec-
ture and enables a feature-rich ‘common packet core’ for radio accesses devel-
oped within 3GPP and also by other standardization fora.
The idea for this book was born during one of my project-related trips to the beautiful city
of Hangzhou in China, where in the role of Chief Architect I had to guide a team of very
young, very smart and extremely dedicated software developers and verification engineers.
Soon it became clear that as eager as the team was to jump into the coding, it did not have
any experience in system Architecture and design and if I did not want to spend all my time in
constant travel between San Francisco and Hangzhou, the only option was to groom a number
of local junior architects. Logically, one of the first questions being asked by these carefully
selected future architects was whether I could recommend a book or other learning material
that could speed up the learning cycle. I could not. Of course, there were many books on
various related topics, but many of them were too old and most of the updated information
was either somewhere on the Internet dispersed between many sites and online magazines, or
buried in my brain along with many years of experience of system Architecture.
The ability to analyze system or circuit behavior is one of the key requirements for
successful design. To put an idea to work, a designer needs both the knowledge
and tools for analyzing the behavior of that new system Architecture or that experi-
mental circuit topology. Design decisions are grounded on the results obtained from
analysis.
This book is an outgrowth of the pioneering development work done by InterDigital Com-
munication Corporation in 3rd Generation TDD WCDMA Technology. Many engineers
and managers were involved in this development, which spanned a wide range of tech-
nology areas, including system Architecture, radio interface, radio modem design, radio
resource management and hardware/software implementation. In addition, TDD WCDMA
technology had many direct and indirect contributors across the globe in the context of
the development of the 3GPP TDD WCDMA Standard.
This book is concerned with integrated circuits and systems for wireless and
mobile communications. Circuit techniques and implementation of reconfigurable
low-voltage and low-power single-chip CMOS transceivers for multiband and multi-
mode universal wireless communications are the focus of the book. Applications
encompass both long-range mobile cellular communications (GSM and UMTS)
and short-range wireless LANs (IEEE802.11 and Bluetooth). Recent advances in
research into transceiver Architecture, RF frontend, analogue baseband, RF CAD
and automatic testing are reported.
The author’s group has developed various chipless RFID tags and reader Architectures
at 2.45, 4–8, 24, and 60 GHz. These results were published extensively in the form of
books, book chapters, refereed conference and journal articles, and finally, as patent
applications. However, there is still room for improvement of chipless RFID sys-
tems. In this book, we proposed advanced techniques of chipless RFID systems that
supersede their predecessors in signal processing, tag design, and reader Architecture.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) and Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are
the two key wireless technologies that have diversified applications in the present
and the upcoming systems in this area. RFID is a wireless automated recognition
technology which is primarily used to recognize objects or to follow their posi-
tion without providing any sign about the physical form of the substance. On the
other hand, WSN not only offers information about the state of the substance
and environment but also enables multi-hop wireless communications.
This book is intended to be a general introduction to neural networks for those with a computer
Architecture, circuits, or systems background. In the introduction (Chapter 1), we define key vo-
cabulary, recap the history and evolution of the techniques, and for make the case for additional
hardware support in the field.
