With the Altera Nios II embedded processor, you as the system designercan accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custominstructions to the Nios II processor instruction set. Using custominstructions, you can reduce a complex sequence of standard instructionsto a single instruction implemented in hardware. You can use this featurefor a variety of applications, for example, to optimize software innerloops for digital signal processing (DSP), packet header processing, andcomputation-intensive applications. The Nios II configuration wizard,part of the Quartus® II software’s SOPC Builder, provides a graphicaluser interface (GUI) used to add up to 256 custom instructions to theNios II processor
上傳時間: 2013-11-07
上傳用戶:swing
嵌入式LINUX 電子教程全集 嵌入式系統出現于60年代晚期,它最初被用于控制機電電話交換機,如今已被廣泛的應用于工業制造、過程控制、通訊、儀器、儀表、汽車、船舶、航空、航天、軍事裝備、消費類產品等眾多領域。計算機系統核心CPU,每年在全球范圍內的產量大概在二十億顆左右,其中超過80%應用于各類專用性很強的嵌入式系統。一般的說,凡是帶有微處理器的專用軟硬件系統都可以稱為嵌入式系統。 1. 嵌入式Linux系統就是利用Linux其自身的許多特點,把它應用到嵌入式系統里。 Linux做嵌入式的優勢,首先,Linux是開放源代碼的,不存在黑箱技術,遍布全球的眾多Linux愛好者又是Linux開發者的強大技術支持;其次,Linux的內核小、效率高,內核的更新速度很快,linux是可以定制的,其系統內核最小只有約134KB。第三,Linux是免費的OS,在價格上極具競爭力。 Linux還有著嵌入式操作系統所需要的很多特色,突出的就是Linux適應于多種CPU和多種硬件平臺,是一個跨平臺的系統。到目前為止,它可以支持二三十種CPU。而且性能穩定,裁剪性很好,開發和使用都很容易。很多CPU包括家電業芯片,都開始做Linux的平臺移植工作。移植的速度遠遠超過Java的開發環境。也就是說,如果今天用Linux環境開發產品,那么將來換CPU就不會遇到困擾。同時,Linux內核的結構在網絡方面是非常完整的,Linux對網絡中最常用的TCP/IP協議有最完備的支持。提供了包括十兆、百兆、千兆的以太網絡,以及無線網絡,Toker ring(令牌環網)、光纖甚至衛星的支持。所以Linux很適于做信息家電的開發。 還有使用Linux為的是來開發無線連接產品的開發者越來越多。Linux在快速增長的無線連接應用主場中有一個非常重要的優勢,就是有足夠快的開發速度。這是因為LInux有很多工具,并且Linux為眾多程序員所熟悉。因此,我們要在嵌入式系統中使用Linux操作系統。 Linux的大小適合嵌入式操作系統——Linux固有的模塊性,適應性和可配置性,使得這很容易做到。另外,Linux源碼的實用性和成千上萬的程序員熱切其望它用于無數的嵌入式應用軟件中,導致很多嵌入式Linux的出現,包括:Embedix,ETLinux,LEM,Linux Router Project,LOAF,uCLinux,muLinux,ThinLinux,FirePlug,Linux和PizzaBox Linux 相對,Linux的圖形界面還相對較弱,但近年Linux的圖形界面發展也很快,這也就不是問題。 2. 什么是嵌入式Linux 嵌入式linux 是將日益流行的Linux操作系統進行裁剪修改,使之能在嵌入式計算機系統上運行的一種操作系統。嵌入式linux既繼承了Interlnet上無限的開放源代碼資源,又具有嵌入式操作系統的特性。嵌入式Linux的特點是版權費免費;購買費用媒介成本技術支持全世界的自由軟件開發者提供支持網絡特性免費,而且性能優異,軟件移植容易,代碼開放,有許多應用軟件支持,應用產品開發周期短,新產品上市迅速,因為有許多公開的代碼可以參考和移植,實時性能RT_Linux Hardhat Linux 等嵌入式Linux支持,實時性能穩定性好安全性好。 3. 嵌入式Linux有巨大的市場前景和商業機會,出現了大量的專業公司和產品,如Montavista Lineo Emi等,有行業協會如Embedded Linux Consortum等,得到世界著名計算機公司和OEM板級廠商的支持,例如IBM Motorola Intel等。傳統的嵌入式系統廠商也采用了Linux策略,如Lynxworks Windriver QNX等,還有Internet上的大量嵌入式Linux愛好者的支持。嵌入式Linux支持幾乎所有的嵌入式CPU和被移植到幾乎所有的嵌入式OEM板。 4.嵌入式Linux的應用領域非常廣泛,主要的應用領域有信息家電、PDA 、機頂盒、Digital Telephone、Answering Machine、Screen Phone 、數據網絡、Ethernet Switches、Router、Bridge、Hub、Remote access servers、ATM、Frame relay 、遠程通信、醫療電子、交通運輸計算機外設、工業控制、航空航天領域等。 5.如果分別讓10位工程師給出嵌入式系統的定義,將得到10個不同的答案。一般來說,大部分的嵌入式系統執行特定的任務。我們假定最簡單的嵌入式系統包括輸入/輸出功能,以及一些控制邏輯,該系統基于它的配置執行某些類型的功能。按照這個標準,可以認為一個包含實現控制邏輯74123計數器以及一個狀態是一個嵌入式系統。也許可以補充說,該系統必須可通過存儲在固件中的軟件進行編程。這個新的嵌入式系統定義包括輸入/輸出(I/O),以及存儲在系統固件中的控制邏輯。一個帶有鼠標、鍵盤、網絡連接并運行圖形用戶界面(GUI,graphical user interface)多任務操作系統的桌面計算機顯然滿足這些要求,但我們能認為它是一個嵌入式系統嗎? 如果桌面計算機不是一個嵌入式系統,那么手持設備呢?它們有I/O功能,可以運行存儲在固件中的控制邏輯。有人說,桌面計算機和手持設備都有通用計算機設備,可以運行軟件來執行許多不同的任務,與之不同的是,嵌入式系統(例如,洗碗機控制器或飛行導航系統)主要是為特定任務而設計的。這種特定的功能限定使嵌入式設備有功能上的唯一性。如果是這樣,為什么一些嵌入式系統設計成具有附加的功能,如存儲在非易失性存儲器中的程序,并且具有運行可以完成原始設計范圍之外的任務的多任務操作系統的能力呢? 在過去,區分嵌入式系統和通用計算機比現在簡單的多。例如,可以很容易地區分出一個基于8051的T1分幅卡嵌入式系統和一臺Sun UNIX工作站。而現在,從功能方面很難區分一臺Sun工作站和一個包含PowerPC以及32MB內存和16MB閃存的機頂盒。這樣的機頂盒可以運行帶GUI的多任務操作系統,可現場升級,可以同時運行多個程序(如視頻控制器、數字錄像和Java虛擬機),還可以進行安全的因特網在線交易。很難判斷這種機頂盒是否是一個嵌入式系統。顯然,硬件性能的提升和價格的下降使通用計算機和嵌入式系統之間的界限變得很模糊,技術的進步使得我們很難定義什么是嵌入式。
上傳時間: 2014-12-30
上傳用戶:ljt101007
The LPC2292/2294 microcontrollers are based on a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together with 256 kB of embedded high-speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 pct with minimal performance penalty. With their 144-pin package, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, 8-channel 10-bit ADC, 2/4 (LPC2294) advanced CAN channels, PWM channels and up to nine external interrupt pins these microcontrollers are particularly suitable for automotive and industrial control applications as well as medical systems and fault-tolerant maintenance buses. The number of available fast GPIOs ranges from 76 (with external memory) through 112 (single-chip). With a wide range of additional serial communications interfaces, they are also suited for communication gateways and protocol converters as well as many other general-purpose applications. Remark: Throughout the data sheet, the term LPC2292/2294 will apply to devices with and without the /00 or /01 suffix. The suffixes /00 and /01 will be used to differentiate from other devices only when necessary.
上傳時間: 2014-12-30
上傳用戶:aysyzxzm
針對解決OpenCV人臉檢測模塊在Android平臺編譯和移植的問題,提出一種利用JNI技術(Java Native Interface)調用OpenCV以及采用Android NDK(Native Development Kit)生成共享庫的目標檢測方法。文中從分析利用Android NDK編譯Android平臺所需要的OpenCV靜態庫的問題入手,詳細闡述了利用JNI調用OpenCV相關函數的具體步驟。經過多次試驗,證明該人臉檢測模塊的平均檢測時間為1 280 ms,具有較高的檢測速度和檢測精度。
上傳時間: 2013-12-10
上傳用戶:15736969615
Abstract: This article describes the Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) standard in telecommunications and details itshardware implementation. It explains how a fully integrated transceiver such as the MAX9947 can help reduce space and cost, andsolve bus arbitrations in base-station tower equipment.
上傳時間: 2014-12-30
上傳用戶:wangchong
在研究傳統家用燃氣報警器的基礎上,以ZigBee協議為平臺,構建mesh網狀網絡實現網絡化的智能語音報警系統。由于傳感器本身的溫度和實際環境溫度的影響,傳感器標定后采用軟件補償方法。為了減少系統費用,前端節點采用半功能節點設備,路由器和協調器采用全功能節點設備,構建mesh網絡所形成的家庭內部報警系統,通過通用的電話接口連接到外部的公用電話網絡,啟動語音模塊進行報警。實驗結果表明,在2.4 GHz頻率下傳輸,有墻等障礙物的情況下,節點的傳輸距離大約為35 m,能夠滿足家庭需要,且系統工作穩定,但在功耗方面仍需進一步改善。 Abstract: On the basis of studying traditional household gas alarm system, this paper proposed the platform for the ZigBee protocol,and constructed mesh network to achieve network-based intelligent voice alarm system. Because of the sensor temperature and the actual environment temperature, this system design used software compensation after calibrating sensor. In order to reduce system cost, semi-functional node devices were used as front-end node, however, full-function devices were used as routers and coordinator,constructed alarm system within the family by building mesh network,connected to the external public telephone network through the common telephone interface, started the voice alarm module. The results indicate that nodes transmit about 35m in the distance in case of walls and other obstacles by 2.4GHz frequency transmission, this is able to meet family needs and work steadily, but still needs further improvement in power consumption.
上傳時間: 2013-10-30
上傳用戶:swaylong
通過比較各種隔離數字通信的特點和應用范圍,指出塑料光纖在隔離數字通信中的優勢。使用已經標準化的TOSLINK接口,有利于節省硬件開發成本和簡化設計難度。給出了塑料光纖的硬件驅動電路,說明設計過程中的注意事項,對光收發模塊的電壓特性和頻率特性進行全面試驗,并給出SPI口使用塑料光纖隔離通信的典型應用電路圖。試驗結果表明,該設計可為電力現場、電力電子及儀器儀表的設計提供參考。 Abstract: y comparing characteristics and applications area of various isolated digital communications, this article indicates advantages of plastic optical fiber in isolated digital communications. Using the standardized TOSLINK interface, it helps to control costs and difficulty in hardware development and design. Then it gives the hardware driver circuit of plastic optical fiber module, explains the noticed details in design process, gives results on the basis of the optical transceiver module voltage characteristics and frequency characteristics tests. Finally,it gives typical application circuit of the SPI communication port by using plastic optical fiber isolation .The results show that this design can be referenced for the power field, power electronics and instrumentation design.
上傳時間: 2014-01-10
上傳用戶:gundan
The NXP LPC314x combine a 270 MHz ARM926EJ-S CPU core, High-speed USB 2.0OTG, 192 KB SRAM, NAND flash controller, flexible external bus interface, three channel10-bit A/D, and a myriad of serial and parallel interfaces in a single chip targeted atconsumer, industrial, medical, and communication markets. To optimize system powerconsumption, the LPC314x have multiple power domains and a very flexible ClockGeneration Unit (CGU) that provides dynamic clock gating and scaling.
上傳時間: 2013-10-11
上傳用戶:yuchunhai1990
The LPC1850/30/20/10 are ARM Cortex-M3 based microcontrollers for embeddedapplications. The ARM Cortex-M3 is a next generation core that offers systemenhancements such as low power consumption, enhanced debug features, and a highlevel of support block integration.The LPC1850/30/20/10 operate at CPU frequencies of up to 150 MHz. The ARMCortex-M3 CPU incorporates a 3-stage pipeline and uses a Harvard architecture withseparate local instruction and data buses as well as a third bus for peripherals. The ARMCortex-M3 CPU also includes an internal prefetch unit that supports speculativebranching.The LPC1850/30/20/10 include up to 200 kB of on-chip SRAM data memory, a quad SPIFlash Interface (SPIFI), a State Configuration Timer (SCT) subsystem, two High-speedUSB controllers, Ethernet, LCD, an external memory controller, and multiple digital andanalog peripherals.
上傳時間: 2014-12-31
上傳用戶:zhuoying119
The LPC4350/30/20/10 are ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontrollers for embeddedapplications. The ARM Cortex-M4 is a next generation core that offers systemenhancements such as low power consumption, enhanced debug features, and a highlevel of support block integration.The LPC4350/30/20/10 operate at CPU frequencies of up to 150 MHz. The ARMCortex-M4 CPU incorporates a 3-stage pipeline, uses a Harvard architecture withseparate local instruction and data buses as well as a third bus for peripherals, andincludes an internal prefetch unit that supports speculative branching. The ARMCortex-M4 supports single-cycle digital signal processing and SIMD instructions. Ahardware floating-point processor is integrated in the core.The LPC4350/30/20/10 include an ARM Cortex-M0 coprocessor, up to 264 kB of datamemory, advanced configurable peripherals such as the State Configurable Timer (SCT)and the Serial General Purpose I/O (SGPIO) interface, two High-speed USB controllers,Ethernet, LCD, an external memory controller, and multiple digital and analog peripherals
上傳時間: 2013-10-28
上傳用戶:15501536189